The Ethical Perceptions of Bribe Taking in Four Muslim Countries

Abstract

This study examined attitudes toward bribe taking in four Muslim countries – Indonesia, Egypt, Iran and Iraq. Eighteen demographic variables were also examined (gender, age, marital status, etc.), and it was found that most mean scores between groups were significant.

Keywords: bribery, ethics, rent seeking, demographic variables, gender, age, marital status, ethnicity, religion, religiosity, Muslim, education level, employment status, occupation, social class, income level, size of town, health, happiness, confidence in the police, confidence in the justice system

JEL Classification: D01, D23, D6, D72, D73, E26, I1, I2, I3, J1, J12, J14, J16, K14, K42, O53, O55, O56, O57