William G. Gale

Brookings Institution

Arjay and Frances Fearing Miller Chair in Federal Economic Policy

1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20036

United States

  • Brookings Institution

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SCHOLARLY PAPERS

101

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347

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523

Scholarly Papers (101)

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1.

Financial Literacy: What Works? How Could it be More Effective?

Downloads 1,121 ( 22,480)
Citation 13

Financial Literacy: What Works? How Could it be More Effective?

Number of pages: 31 Posted: 10 Feb 2011
William G. Gale and Ruth Levine
Brookings Institution and Stanford Law School
Downloads 691 (43,666)
Citation 13

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financial literacy, saving

Financial Literacy: What Works? How Could it Be More Effective?

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 28 Aug 2013
William G. Gale and Ruth Levine
Brookings Institution and Stanford Law School
Downloads 430 (79,805)
Citation 11

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2.

Effects of Income Tax Changes on Economic Growth

Number of pages: 16 Posted: 12 Sep 2014
William G. Gale and Andrew A. Samwick
Brookings Institution and Dartmouth College - Department of Economics
Downloads 919 (29,945)
Citation 13

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income tax, economic growth

3.

Effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act: A Preliminary Analysis

National Tax Journal 71(4): 589-612 (2019)
Number of pages: 50 Posted: 10 Jan 2019 Last Revised: 15 May 2019
William G. Gale, Hilary Gelfond, Aaron Krupkin, Mark J. Mazur and Eric J. Toder
Brookings Institution, Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), Students, Brookings Institution, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service and Urban Institute
Downloads 906 (30,598)
Citation 14

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4.

How Will Retirement Saving Change By 2050? Prospects for the Millennial Generation

Number of pages: 51 Posted: 07 Jul 2019
William G. Gale, Hilary Gelfond and Jason J. Fichtner
Brookings Institution, Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), Students and Johns Hopkins University - SAIS
Downloads 739 (40,582)
Citation 5

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5.

The Role of Administrative Factors in Tax Reform: Simplicity, Compliance and Enforcement

Number of pages: 71 Posted: 11 Feb 2000
William G. Gale and Janet Holtzblatt
Brookings Institution and Government of the United States of America - Department of the Treasury
Downloads 660 (47,121)

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6.

The Role of Administrative Factors in Tax Reform: Simplicity, Compliance, and Administration

US TAX REFORM IN THE 21ST CENTURY, Cambridge University Press
Number of pages: 59 Posted: 10 Nov 2003
William G. Gale and Janet Holtzblatt
Brookings Institution and Government of the United States of America - Department of the Treasury
Downloads 543 (60,504)
Citation 1

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Tax administration, tax compliance, tax simplification, fundamental tax reform, national retail sales tax, flat tax, consumption tax, tax reform

7.

Small Business, Innovation, and Tax Policy: A Review

Number of pages: 46 Posted: 19 Jul 2014
William G. Gale and Samuel Brown
Brookings Institution and Brookings Institution
Downloads 516 (64,463)
Citation 3

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small business, entrepreneurship, innovation, tax policy

8.

Economic Effects of Sustained Budget Deficits

National Tax Journal, Vol. 56, No. 3, 2003
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 04 Feb 2011
William G. Gale and Peter R. Orszag
Brookings Institution and Lazard Asset Management
Downloads 485 (69,641)

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budget deficit

9.

An Economic Evaluation of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001

Downloads 477 ( 71,087)

An Economic Evaluation of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001

Number of pages: 97 Posted: 11 Apr 2002
William G. Gale and Samara R. Potter
Brookings Institution and Brookings Institution
Downloads 477 (70,376)
Citation 2

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tax relief, income tax, economic growth, EGTRRA, interest rates

An Economic Evaluation of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001

Posted: 11 Apr 2002
William G. Gale and Samara R. Potter
Brookings Institution and Brookings Institution

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tax relief, income tax, economic growth, EGTRRA, interest rates

10.

Rethinking the Estate and Gift Tax: Overview

Downloads 446 ( 77,122)
Citation 3

Rethinking the Estate and Gift Tax: Overview

Number of pages: 87 Posted: 09 Mar 2001
William G. Gale and Joel B. Slemrod
Brookings Institution and University of Michigan, Stephen M. Ross School of Business
Downloads 371 (94,815)
Citation 3

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Estate tax, gift tax, transfer tax, intergenerational transfers

Rethinking the Estate and Gift Tax: Overview

NBER Working Paper No. w8205
Number of pages: 87 Posted: 31 Mar 2001 Last Revised: 11 Feb 2010
William G. Gale and Joel B. Slemrod
Brookings Institution and University of Michigan, Stephen M. Ross School of Business
Downloads 75 (376,238)

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11.

The Economic Crisis and the Fiscal Crisis: 2009 and Beyond

Tax Notes, Vol. 125, No. 1, 2009
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 11 Feb 2011
William G. Gale and Alan J. Auerbach
Brookings Institution and University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics
Downloads 366 (97,056)
Citation 3

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Budget, deficit, outlook, economic crisis

12.

Lifetime Earnings, Social Security Benefits, and the Adequacy of Retirement Wealth Accumulation

Boston College, Center for Retirement Research Working Paper No. 2004-10
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 15 May 2004
Eric M. Engen, William G. Gale and Cori E. Uccello
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Brookings Institution and American Academy of Actuaries
Downloads 285 (127,505)
Citation 35

Abstract:

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13.

Rhetoric and Economics in the Estate Tax Debate

Downloads 273 (133,419)

Rhetoric and Economics in the Estate Tax Debate

Number of pages: 31 Posted: 05 Jun 2001
William G. Gale and Joel B. Slemrod
Brookings Institution and University of Michigan, Stephen M. Ross School of Business
Downloads 273 (132,734)

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Estate tax, tax policy

Rhetoric and Economics in the Estate Tax Debate

Posted: 20 Aug 2001
William G. Gale and Joel B. Slemrod
Brookings Institution and University of Michigan, Stephen M. Ross School of Business

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Estate tax, tax policy

14.

The Taxation of Retirement Saving: Choosing between Front-Loaded and Back-Loaded Options

Downloads 248 (147,022)

The Taxation of Retirement Saving: Choosing between Front-Loaded and Back-Loaded Options

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 05 Jul 2001
Leonard E. Burman, William G. Gale and David Weiner
Maxwell School, Brookings Institution and Government of the United States of America - Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
Downloads 248 (146,496)
Citation 5

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Taxation, tax policy, taxes and saving, taxes and retirement saving, saving incentives, tax-deferred accounts, Individual Retirement Accounts, Roth IRAs, front-loaded back-loaded, tax deferral

The Taxation of Retirement Saving: Choosing between Front-Loaded and Back-Loaded Options

Posted: 09 Aug 2001
Leonard E. Burman, William G. Gale and David Weiner
Maxwell School, Brookings Institution and Government of the United States of America - Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

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Taxation, tax policy, taxes and saving, taxes and retirement saving, saving incentives, tax-deferred accounts, Individual Retirement Accounts, Roth IRAs, front-loaded back-loaded, tax deferral

15.

Encouraging Homeownership Through the Tax Code

Tax Notes, Vol. 115, No. 12, 2007
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 10 Feb 2011
William G. Gale, Jonathan Gruber and Seth I. Stephens-Davidowitz
Brookings Institution, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics and Harvard University - Department of Economics
Downloads 232 (156,844)

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Housing, taxes, mortgage market

16.

Budget Deficits, National Saving, and Interest Rates

Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 2, 2004
Number of pages: 83 Posted: 05 Feb 2011
William G. Gale and Peter R. Orszag
Brookings Institution and Lazard Asset Management
Downloads 229 (158,821)
Citation 2

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deficit, budget, saving, interest rates

17.

A Retirement Dashboard for the United States

Number of pages: 47 Posted: 06 Jan 2021
David John, Grace Enda, William G. Gale and J. Mark Iwry
AARP Public Policy Institute, Brookings Institution, Brookings Institution and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 226 (160,881)

Abstract:

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18.

Erisa after 25 Years: A Framework for Evaluation Pension Reform

Number of pages: 9 Posted: 18 Sep 2001
William G. Gale, John B. Shoven and Mark J. Warshawsky
Brookings Institution, Stanford University - Department of Economics and Towers Watson
Downloads 215 (168,581)

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19.

The Adequacy of Household Saving

Downloads 215 (168,581)

The Adequacy of Household Saving

Number of pages: 129 Posted: 10 Mar 2000
Eric M. Engen, William G. Gale and Cori E. Uccello
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Brookings Institution and American Academy of Actuaries
Downloads 215 (168,267)
Citation 27

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The Adequacy of Household Saving

Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, 2000
Posted: 09 Mar 2010
Eric M. Engen, William G. Gale and Cori E. Uccello
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Brookings Institution and American Academy of Actuaries

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The Adequacy of Household Saving

Posted: 07 Feb 2000
Eric M. Engen, William G. Gale and Cori E. Uccello
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Brookings Institution and American Academy of Actuaries

Abstract:

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20.

The Effects of 401(K) Plans on Household Wealth: Differences Across Earnings Groups

Downloads 208 (173,998)
Citation 6

The Effects of 401(K) Plans on Household Wealth: Differences Across Earnings Groups

Number of pages: 56 Posted: 12 Oct 2000
Eric M. Engen and William G. Gale
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and Brookings Institution
Downloads 156 (224,434)
Citation 3

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The Effects of 401(K) Plans on Household Wealth: Differences Across Earnings Groups

NBER Working Paper No. w8032
Number of pages: 56 Posted: 02 Dec 2000 Last Revised: 14 Sep 2001
Eric M. Engen and William G. Gale
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and Brookings Institution
Downloads 52 (454,766)

Abstract:

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21.

Deficits, Interest Rates, and the User Cost of Capital: A Reconsideration of the Effects of Tax Policy on Investment

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 02 Aug 2005
William G. Gale and Peter R. Orszag
Brookings Institution and Lazard Asset Management
Downloads 204 (177,155)
Citation 2

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deficits, interest rates, user cost capital, tax policy

22.

Financial Transaction Taxes in Theory and Practice

National Tax Journal 69(1): 171-216, 2016
Number of pages: 46 Posted: 01 Jun 2019
Leonard E. Burman, William G. Gale, Sarah Gault, Bryan Kim, Jim Nunns and Steve Rosenthal
Maxwell School, Brookings Institution, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN and Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center
Downloads 195 (184,612)
Citation 5

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financial transaction tax, taxation of financial sector, FTT design, FTT revenues, FTT distributional effects

23.

Do Estate Taxes Reduce Saving?

Number of pages: 53 Posted: 27 Nov 2000
William G. Gale and Maria G. Perozek
Brookings Institution and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Downloads 187 (191,780)
Citation 6

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24.

The Budget Outlook and Options for Fiscal Policy

Downloads 185 (193,634)
Citation 12

The Budget Outlook and Options for Fiscal Policy

Number of pages: 52 Posted: 05 May 2002
Alan J. Auerbach, William G. Gale and Peter R. Orszag
University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics, Brookings Institution and Lazard Asset Management
Downloads 185 (193,573)
Citation 12

Abstract:

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budget, surplus, fiscal policy, trust funds

The Budget Outlook and Options for Fiscal Policy

Posted: 08 Jun 2002
Alan J. Auerbach, William G. Gale and Peter R. Orszag
University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics, Brookings Institution and Lazard Asset Management

Abstract:

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Budget, surplus, fiscal policy, trust funds

25.

Raising Household Saving: Does Financial Education Work?

Social Security Bulletin 72(2): 39-48, 2012
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 03 May 2012 Last Revised: 25 Apr 2015
William G. Gale, Benjamin H. Harris and Ruth Levine
Brookings Institution, Brookings Institution and Stanford Law School
Downloads 181 (197,380)
Citation 1

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Economic Education, Habit Formation, Life Cycle, Precautionary Saving, Saving

26.

The Relationship Between Taxes and Growth at the State Level: New Evidence

National Tax Journal 68(4). December 2015
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 31 May 2019
William G. Gale, Aaron Krupkin and Kim S. Rueben
Brookings Institution, Brookings Institution and Tax Policy Center
Downloads 174 (204,222)
Citation 4

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state taxes, state economic growth, firm formation, tax cuts

27.

Debt, Taxes, and the Effects of 401(K) Plans on Household Wealth Accumulation

Number of pages: 61 Posted: 12 Nov 1997
Eric M. Engen and William G. Gale
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and Brookings Institution
Downloads 172 (206,295)
Citation 15

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28.

The Individual Amt: Problems and Potential Solutions

Downloads 161 (218,090)
Citation 3

The Individual Amt: Problems and Potential Solutions

Tax Policy Center Discussion Paper No. 5
Number of pages: 69 Posted: 19 Sep 2002
Leonard E. Burman, William G. Gale, Jeff Rohaly and Benjamin H. Harris
Maxwell School, Brookings Institution, Urban Institute and Brookings Institution
Downloads 142 (242,603)
Citation 2

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Alternative minimum tax, tax complexity, equity, efficiency

The Individual AMT: Problems and Potential Solutions

Number of pages: 78 Posted: 19 Jul 2014
Leonard E. Burman, William G. Gale, Jeffrey Rohaly and Benjamin H. Harris
Maxwell School, Brookings Institution, Urban Institute and Brookings Institution
Downloads 19 (637,264)
Citation 3

Abstract:

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alternative minimum tax

The Individual Amt: Problems and Potential Solutions

Posted: 19 Sep 2002
Leonard E. Burman, William G. Gale, Jeff Rohaly and Benjamin H. Harris
Maxwell School, Brookings Institution, Urban Institute and Brookings Institution

Abstract:

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Alternative minimum tax, tax complexity, equity, efficiency

29.

What Do Individual Development Accounts Do? Evidence from a Controlled Experiment

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 16 Jul 2006
Gregory Mills, William G. Gale, Rhiannon Patterson and Emil Apostolov
The Urban Institute, Brookings Institution, U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) and Brookings Institution
Downloads 159 (220,440)
Citation 10

Abstract:

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Individual, development, accounts, IDAs

30.

Activist Fiscal Policy

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 4, Fall 2010
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 01 Feb 2011
William G. Gale, Alan J. Auerbach and Benjamin H. Harris
Brookings Institution, University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics and Brookings Institution
Downloads 146 (236,434)
Citation 5

Abstract:

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fiscal policy, tax policy

31.

The Illusory Effects of Saving Incentives on Saving

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 113-38, Fall 1996
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 04 Feb 2011
William G. Gale, Eric M. Engen and John Karl Scholz
Brookings Institution, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and University of Wisconsin - Madison - Department of Economics
Downloads 140 (244,659)
Citation 39

Abstract:

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saving incentives

32.

The Ten-Year Impacts of Individual Development Accounts on Homeownership: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment

Number of pages: 55 Posted: 10 Mar 2011
Michal Grinstein-Weiss, Michael W. Sherraden, William G. Gale, William Rohe, Mark Schreiner and Clinton Key
University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Washington University in St. Louis - George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Brookings Institution, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Washington University in St. Louis - Center for Social Development and University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill
Downloads 130 (259,191)
Citation 3

Abstract:

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Housing, Real Estate, Homeownership, IDA, Economic Growth, US, Economy

33.

Effects of After-Tax Pension and Social Security Benefits on Household Wealth: Evidence from a Sample of Retirees

Number of pages: 44 Posted: 25 Jun 2007
William G. Gale, Michael Dworsky, John W. R. Phillips and Leslie Muller
Brookings Institution, Brookings Institution, National Institutes on Aging and Social Security Administration
Downloads 128 (262,268)
Citation 2

Abstract:

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social security, pension, benefits, retirement

34.

Effects of Individual Development Accounts on Asset Purchases and Saving Behavior: Evidence from a Controlled Experiment

Downloads 118 (278,558)
Citation 9

Effects of Individual Development Accounts on Asset Purchases and Saving Behavior: Evidence from a Controlled Experiment

Journal of Public Economics, Vol.92, No. 5-6, 2008
Number of pages: 48 Posted: 16 Dec 2007 Last Revised: 07 Feb 2011
Gregory Mills, William G. Gale, Gary V. Engelhardt, Michael D. Eriksen, Rhiannon Patterson and Emil Apostolov
The Urban Institute, Brookings Institution, Syracuse University - Center for Policy Research, University of Cincinnati - Department of Finance - Real Estate, U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) and Brookings Institution
Downloads 98 (318,574)

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Saving, Matching contibutions, Low-income households, Asset building, Wealth accumulation

Effects of Individual Development Accounts on Asset Purchases and Saving Behavior: Evidence from a Controlled Experiment

Number of pages: 48 Posted: 01 Jul 2014
Gregory Mills, William G. Gale, Rhiannon Patterson, Gary V. Engelhardt, Michael P. Eriksen and Emil Apostolov
The Urban Institute, Brookings Institution, U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), Syracuse University - Center for Policy Research, Georgia State University - Institute of Public Health and Brookings Institution
Downloads 20 (629,862)
Citation 10

Abstract:

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Individual Development Accounts, savings behavior, asset accumulation

35.

Economic Effects of Making the 2001 and 2003 Tax Cuts Permanent

Number of pages: 54 Posted: 22 Aug 2004
William G. Gale and Peter R. Orszag
Brookings Institution and Lazard Asset Management
Downloads 118 (278,558)
Citation 2

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2001, 2003, tax, cuts, permanent, effects

36.

A VAT for the United States: Part of the Solution

Tax Analysts, pp. 64-82, 2011
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 09 Mar 2011
William G. Gale and Benjamin H. Harris
Brookings Institution and Brookings Institution
Downloads 115 (283,740)

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Value added tax, VAT, Taxes, Tax Reform, Budget Deficit, Fiscal Policy, U.S. Economy

37.

Distributional Effects of the 2001 and 2003 Tax Cuts and Their Financing

Number of pages: 10 Posted: 19 Jul 2004
William G. Gale, Peter R. Orszag and Isaac Shapiro
Brookings Institution, Lazard Asset Management and Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP)
Downloads 110 (292,617)

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2001 and 2003 tax cuts, distributional effects, tax increases, spending cuts

38.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Individual Development Accounts: Evidence from the ADD Experiment

Number of pages: 54 Posted: 29 Jun 2012
Michal Grinstein-Weiss, Michael W. Sherraden, William Rohe, William G. Gale, Mark Schreiner and Clinton Key
University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Washington University in St. Louis - George Warren Brown School of Social Work, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Brookings Institution, Washington University in St. Louis - Center for Social Development and University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill
Downloads 105 (302,301)
Citation 4

Abstract:

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39.

The National Retail Sales Tax: What Would the Rate Have to Be?

Tax Notes, Vol. 107, No. 7, 2005
Number of pages: 23 Posted: 10 Feb 2011
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 95 (322,783)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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national retail sales tax, H.R. 25, private consumption, household interest payments, government spending

40.

The AMT: What's Wrong and How to Fix it?

National Tax Journal, Vol. 60, No. 3, 2007
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 02 Feb 2011
William G. Gale, Leonard E. Burman, Greg Leiserson and Jeffrey Rohaly
Brookings Institution, Maxwell School, Urban Institute and Urban Institute
Downloads 93 (327,203)

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AMT, alternative minimum tax, tax policy

41.

Effects of Estate Tax Reform on Charitable Giving

Number of pages: 6 Posted: 02 Oct 2003
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 89 (336,262)

Abstract:

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42.

Sunsets in the Tax Code

Number of pages: 9 Posted: 02 Oct 2003
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 84 (348,472)
Citation 9

Abstract:

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sunsets, tax code, revenue loss, GDP

43.

Saving Incentives for Low- and Middle-Income Families: Evidence from a Field Experiment with H&R Block

Downloads 83 (350,913)
Citation 59

Saving Incentives for Low- and Middle-Income Families: Evidence from a Field Experiment with H&R Block

NBER Working Paper No. w11680
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 13 Dec 2005 Last Revised: 02 Feb 2006
Esther Duflo, William G. Gale, Jeffrey B. Liebman, Peter R. Orszag and Emmanuel Saez
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics, Brookings Institution, Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), Lazard Asset Management and University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics
Downloads 53 (450,883)

Abstract:

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Saving Incentives for Low- and Middle-Income Families: Evidence from a Field Experiment with H&R Block

CEPR Discussion Paper No. 5332
Number of pages: 56 Posted: 05 Jan 2006
Esther Duflo, William G. Gale, Jeffrey B. Liebman, Peter R. Orszag and Emmanuel Saez
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics, Brookings Institution, Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), Lazard Asset Management and University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics
Downloads 30 (561,457)
Citation 35
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Abstract:

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Retirement savings, field experiment

44.

What are the Social Benefits of Homeownership? Experimental Evidence of Low-Income Households

Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 67, No. 3, 2010
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 01 Feb 2011
William G. Gale, Gregory Mills, Gary V. Engelhardt and Michael D. Eriksen
Brookings Institution, The Urban Institute, Syracuse University - Center for Policy Research and University of Cincinnati - Department of Finance - Real Estate
Downloads 82 (353,469)
Citation 4

Abstract:

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homeownership, social benefits

45.

The Required Tax Rate in a National Retail Sales Tax

National Tax Journal, Vol. 52, No. 3, 1999
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 05 Feb 2011
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 81 (356,044)

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tax policy, national retail sales tax, nrst

46.

Effects of Social Security Reform on Private and National Saving

Number of pages: 50 Posted: 05 Jul 2014
Eric M. Engen and William G. Gale
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and Brookings Institution
Downloads 79 (361,270)
Citation 16

Abstract:

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social security, saving

47.

Collateral, Rationing and Government Intervention in Credit Markets

Downloads 70 (386,638)
Citation 12

Collateral, Rationing and Government Intervention in Credit Markets

NBER Working Paper No. w3083
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 11 Oct 2001 Last Revised: 09 Aug 2010
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 43 (493,656)

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Collateral, Rationing, and Government Intervention in Credit Markets

NBER Working Paper No. w3024
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 30 Dec 2006 Last Revised: 11 Jun 2008
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 27 (580,293)
Citation 3

Abstract:

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48.

Effects of Public Policies on the Disposition of Pre-Retirement Lump-Sum Distributions: Rational and Behavioral Influences

CentER Discussion Paper Series No. 2008-94
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 20 Nov 2008
Leonard E. Burman, Norma Coe, Michael Dworsky and William G. Gale
Maxwell School, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Brookings Institution and Brookings Institution
Downloads 68 (392,690)
Citation 3

Abstract:

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retirement, savings, behavioral, penalties, taxes

49.

The Amt: Projections and Problems

Number of pages: 13 Posted: 02 Oct 2003
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 65 (402,179)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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alterantive minimum tax, income tax

50.

Improving Opportunities and Incentives for Saving by Middle- and Low-Income Households

PATH TO PROSPERITY, pp. 93-124, Jason Furman, Jason E. Bordoff, eds., Brookings Institution Press 2008
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 05 Feb 2011
William G. Gale, Peter R. Orszag and Jonathan Gruber
Brookings Institution, Lazard Asset Management and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics
Downloads 63 (408,705)

Abstract:

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retirement, savings, IRA, 401(k)

51.

Deja Vu All Over Again: On the Dismal Prospects of the Federal Budget

National Tax Journal, Vol. 65, No. 3, 2010
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 01 Feb 2011
William G. Gale and Alan J. Auerbach
Brookings Institution and University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics
Downloads 63 (408,705)

Abstract:

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federal budget, federal deficit

52.

Perspectives on the Budget Surplus

NBER Working Paper No. w7837
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 10 Oct 2000 Last Revised: 05 Mar 2010
Alan J. Auerbach and William G. Gale
University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics and Brookings Institution
Downloads 63 (408,705)

Abstract:

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53.

Reassessing the Fiscal Gap: The Role of Tax-Deferred Saving

Number of pages: 18 Posted: 02 Oct 2003
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 61 (415,286)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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fiscal gap, Boskin, budget

54.

Distributional Effects of Defined Contribution Plans and Individual Retirement Arrangements

National Tax Journal, Vol. 57, No. 3, 2004
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 05 Feb 2011
William G. Gale, Peter R. Orszag, Leonard E. Burman and Matthew Hall
Brookings Institution, Lazard Asset Management, Maxwell School and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 57 (429,135)
Citation 3

Abstract:

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retirement savings, taxes

55.

Death Watch for the Estate Tax?

Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 15, Number 1—Winter 2001—Pages 205–218
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 01 Jul 2014
William G. Gale and Joel B. Slemrod
Brookings Institution and University of Michigan, Stephen M. Ross School of Business
Downloads 50 (454,973)

Abstract:

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estate tax

56.

Raising Revenue with a Progressive Value-Added Tax

Tackling the Tax Code: Efficient and Equitable Ways to Raise Revenue. Emily Moss, Ryan Nunn, and Jay Shambaugh eds. The Hamilton Project. January 28, 2020
Number of pages: 46 Posted: 15 Apr 2020
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 49 (458,811)

Abstract:

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57.

The 'No New Taxes' Pledge

Number of pages: 13 Posted: 19 Jul 2004
Brennan Kelly and William G. Gale
AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies and Brookings Institution
Downloads 48 (462,859)

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No new taxes pledge, budget, voting records

58.

Effects of Recent Fiscal Policies on Children

Tax Notes, Vol. 103, No. 10, pp. 1281-1296, June 7, 2004
Number of pages: 16 Posted: 19 Jul 2004
Laurence J. Kotlikoff and William G. Gale
Boston University - Department of Economics and Brookings Institution
Downloads 47 (466,945)

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tax cuts, medicare prescription drug bill, children, future generations

59.

The Effects of Tax-Based Saving Incentives on Saving and Wealth

NBER Working Paper No. w5759
Number of pages: 81 Posted: 03 Dec 1996 Last Revised: 04 Oct 2010
Eric M. Engen, William G. Gale and John Karl Scholz
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Brookings Institution and University of Wisconsin - Madison - Department of Economics
Downloads 47 (466,945)

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60.

How the Growing Gap in Life Expectancy May Affect Retirement Benefits and Reforms

NBER Working Paper No. w23329
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 17 Apr 2017 Last Revised: 16 Apr 2021
Alan J. Auerbach, Kerwin Kofi Charles, Courtney Coile, William G. Gale, Dana P. Goldman, Ronald D. Lee, Charles Lucas, Peter R. Orszag, Louise Sheiner, Bryan Tysinger, David N. Weil, Justin Wolfers and Rebeca Wong
University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics, University of Chicago - Harris School of Public Policy, Wellesley College, Brookings Institution, RAND Corporation, University of California, Berkeley - Department of Demography, Osprey Point Consulting, Lazard Asset Management, Brookings Institution, University of Southern California - Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, Brown University - Department of Economics, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Department of Economics and University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston
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Citation 4

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61.

Saving Incentives for Low- and Middle-Income Families: Why is the Saver's Credit Not More Effective?

Journal of the European Economic Association, Vol. 5, Nos. 2-3, pp. 647-661, April-May 2007
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 04 Feb 2011
William G. Gale, Jeffrey B. Liebman, Peter R. Orszag, Emmanuel Saez and Esther Duflo
Brookings Institution, Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), Lazard Asset Management, University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics
Downloads 45 (475,350)
Citation 1

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Saver's Credit

62.

New Results on the Effects of Tax Policy on the International Location of Investment

NBER Working Paper No. w1862
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 19 Jun 2004 Last Revised: 07 Aug 2010
Michael J. Boskin and William G. Gale
Stanford University - The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace and Brookings Institution
Downloads 44 (479,588)
Citation 3

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63.

Charitable Bequests and Taxes on Inheritance and Estates: Aggregate Evidence from Across States and Time

NBER Working Paper No. w9661
Number of pages: 13 Posted: 04 May 2003
Jon Bakija, William G. Gale and Joel B. Slemrod
Williams College - Department of Economics, Brookings Institution and University of Michigan, Stephen M. Ross School of Business
Downloads 44 (479,588)
Citation 1

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64.

Activist Fiscal Policy to Stabilize Economic Activity

NBER Working Paper No. w15407
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 13 Oct 2009 Last Revised: 06 Feb 2021
Alan J. Auerbach and William G. Gale
University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics and Brookings Institution
Downloads 42 (488,365)
Citation 2

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65.

Lump Sum Distributions from Pension Plans: Recent Evidence and Issues for Policy and Research

National Tax Journal, Vol. 52, No. 3, 1999
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 19 Jul 2014
Leonard E. Burman, Norma Coe and William G. Gale
Maxwell School, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine and Brookings Institution
Downloads 41 (492,813)
Citation 3

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lump sum distributions, pensions, retirement planning

66.

Perspectives on the Household Saving Rate

Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 1, 1999
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 05 Feb 2011
William G. Gale and John Sabelhaus
Brookings Institution and Washington Center for Equitable Growth
Downloads 40 (497,243)
Citation 4

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saving rate

67.

The Expanding Reach of the Individual Alternative Minimum Tax

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 173-186, Spring 2003
Number of pages: 14 Posted: 04 Feb 2011
William G. Gale, Leonard E. Burman and Jeffrey Rohaly
Brookings Institution, Maxwell School and Urban Institute
Downloads 33 (531,146)
Citation 1

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Individual AMT, alternative minimum tax, tax policy

68.

Distributional Effects of the 2001 and 2003 Tax Cuts: How Do Financing and Behavioral Responses Matter?

National Tax Journal, Vol. 61, No. 3, 2008
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 02 Feb 2011
William G. Gale, Douglas W. Elmendorf, Jason Furman and Benjamin H. Harris
Brookings Institution, Harvard Kennedy School, affiliation not provided to SSRN and Brookings Institution
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tax cuts, distributional effect, tax policy

69.

IRAs and Household Saving

American Economic Review, Vol. 84, No. 5, 1994
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 04 Feb 2011
William G. Gale and John Karl Scholz
Brookings Institution and University of Wisconsin - Madison - Department of Economics
Downloads 32 (536,336)
Citation 11

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national saving, IRAs, private saving

70.

Do Saving Incentives Work?

Number of pages: 96 Posted: 04 Jul 2014
William G. Gale, Eric M. Engen and John Karl Scholz
Brookings Institution, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and University of Wisconsin - Madison - La Follette School of Public Affairs
Downloads 27 (564,233)
Citation 17

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saving, retirement

71.

On the Possibility of a No-Return Tax System

National Tax Journal, Vol. L, No. 3, 1997
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 19 Jul 2014
William G. Gale and Janet Holtzblatt
Brookings Institution and Government of the United States of America - Department of the Treasury
Downloads 26 (570,430)
Citation 1

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tax policy

72.

Intergenerational Transfers and the Accumulation of Wealth

Number of pages: 17 Posted: 04 Jul 2014
William G. Gale and John Karl Scholz
Brookings Institution and University of Wisconsin - Madison - La Follette School of Public Affairs
Downloads 26 (570,430)
Citation 47

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wealth accumulation, intergenerational transfers

73.

Pensions, Social Security, Wealth and Lifetime Earnings: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study

Number of pages: 43 Posted: 12 Dec 2008
William G. Gale and John W. R. Phillips
Brookings Institution and National Institutes on Aging
Downloads 25 (576,776)
Citation 3

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74.

Effects of Stock Market Fluctuations on the Adequacy of Retirement Wealth Accumulation

Review of Income and Wealth, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 397-418, September 2005
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 22 Oct 2005
Eric M. Engen, William G. Gale and Cori E. Uccello
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Brookings Institution and American Academy of Actuaries
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75.

Long-Term Impacts of Individual Development Accounts on Homeownership Among Baseline Renters: Follow-Up Evidence from a Randomized Experiment

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 2013, 5(1): 122–145
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 28 Jan 2013
Michal Grinstein-Weiss, Michael W. Sherraden, William G. Gale, William Rohe, Mark Schreiner and Clinton Key
University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Washington University in St. Louis - George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Brookings Institution, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill - Center for Urban and Regional Studies, Washington University in St. Louis - Center for Social Development and University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill
Downloads 24 (583,174)
Citation 2

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76.

Individual Development Accounts and Post-Secondary Education: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment

Number of pages: 24 Posted: 03 Jul 2014
Michal Grinstein-Weiss, Michael W. Sherraden, William G. Gale, William Rohe, Mark Schreiner and Clinton Key
University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Washington University in St. Louis - George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Brookings Institution, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Washington University in St. Louis - Center for Social Development and University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill
Downloads 22 (596,167)
Citation 2

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Individual Development Accounts, asset effects, educational attainment

77.

Fiscal Policy with High Debt and Low-Interest Rates

Maintaining the Strength of American Capitalism, Melissa S. Kearney and Amy Ganz, eds. Aspen Institute Economic Strategy Group, November 2019
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 15 Apr 2020
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 21 (602,858)
Citation 1

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78.

The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Federal Budget Outlook

Business Economics 2020
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 13 Nov 2020
Alan J. Auerbach and William G. Gale
University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics and Brookings Institution
Downloads 20 (609,482)
Citation 2

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COVID, Budget outlook, Fiscal policy

79.

The AMT: What's Wrong and How to Fix it

National Tax Journal, Vol. LX, No. 3, 2007
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 19 Jul 2014
Leonard E. Burman, William G. Gale, Greg Leiserson and Jeffrey Rohaly
Maxwell School, Brookings Institution, Urban Institute and Urban Institute
Downloads 19 (616,189)

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alternative minimum tax

80.

Developing and Disseminating Financial Guidelines for American Households

Number of pages: 33 Posted: 28 Aug 2013
William G. Gale and Benjamin H. Harris
Brookings Institution and Brookings Institution
Downloads 19 (616,189)

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81.

What Can America Learn from the British Tax System?

National Tax Journal, Vol. 50, No. 4, 1997
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 19 Jul 2014
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 18 (622,975)

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tax policy

82.

Retirement Tontines: Using a Classical Finance Mechanism as an Alternative Source of Retirement Income

Number of pages: 43 Posted: 06 Jan 2021
J. Mark Iwry, Claire Haldeman, William G. Gale and David John
affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Brookings Institution and AARP Public Policy Institute
Downloads 16 (636,798)

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83.

Retirement Plans for Contingent Workers: Issues and Options

Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 2018: 1-13. December 2018.
Number of pages: 13 Posted: 01 Jun 2019
William G. Gale, Sarah E. Holmes and David John
Brookings Institution, Brookings Institution and AARP Public Policy Institute
Downloads 14 (651,119)
Citation 1

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contingent workforce; employer-facilitated accounts; gig workers; independent workers; retirement saving

84.

Are Successive Generations Getting Wealthier, and If so, Why?

Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 1, 2006
Number of pages: 65 Posted: 05 Feb 2011
William G. Gale and Karen M. Pence
Brookings Institution and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Downloads 13 (658,466)

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wealth

85.

Tackling the Federal Debt Problem Fairly

Journal of Economic Education
Number of pages: 60 Posted: 22 Jan 2021
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution
Downloads 12 (665,774)

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Ethics, Fairness, Federal Debt, Fiscal Policy, Public Finance

86.

Changing Wealth Accumulation Patterns: Evidence and Determinants

Number of pages: 33 Posted: 15 Apr 2020
William G. Gale and Benjamin Harris
Brookings Institution and Northwestern University - Kellogg School of Management
Downloads 12 (665,774)
Citation 1

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87.

Tax-Preferred Assets and Debt, and the Tax Reform Act of 1986: Some Implications for Fundamental Tax Reform

National Tax Journal, Vol. 49, No. 3, 1996
Number of pages: 18 Posted: 19 Jul 2014
William G. Gale and Eric M. Engen
Brookings Institution and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
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Tax Reform Act of 1986, tax policy

88.

The Wealth of Generations, with Special Attention to the Millennials

NBER Working Paper No. w27123
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 12 May 2020 Last Revised: 10 Feb 2021
William G. Gale, Hilary Gelfond, Jason J. Fichtner and Benjamin Harris
Brookings Institution, Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), Students, Johns Hopkins University - SAIS and Northwestern University
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89.

Six Tax Laws Later: How Individuals’ Marginal Federal Income Tax Rates Changed between 1980 and 1995

National Tax Journal, Vol. 51, No. 3, 1998
Number of pages: 16 Posted: 19 Jul 2014
Leonard E. Burman, William G. Gale and David Weiner
Maxwell School, Brookings Institution and Government of the United States of America - Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
Downloads 10 (680,369)

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federal income tax, marginal tax rates, tax policy

90.

Tax Reform for Growth, Equity, and Revenue

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 31 May 2019
Samuel Brown and William G. Gale
Brookings Institution and Brookings Institution
Downloads 8 (695,145)
Citation 1

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reform, tax structure

91.

Social Security Coverage for State and Local Government Workers: A Reconsideration

The Journal of Retirement 3(2). Fall 2015. 123-35.
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 31 May 2019
William G. Gale, David John and Sarah E. Holmes
Brookings Institution, AARP Public Policy Institute and Brookings Institution
Downloads 5 (717,787)
Citation 1

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92.

State-sponsored Retirement Savings Plans: New Approaches to Boost Retirement Plan Coverage

In How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement. Olivia S. Mitchell, Robert Clark, and Raimond Maurer, eds. Oxford University Press. 2018.
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 01 Jun 2019
William G. Gale and David John
Brookings Institution and AARP Public Policy Institute
Downloads 2 (743,969)

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Secure Choice, Multiple Employer Plans, marketplace, automatic enrollment, mandatory provision

93.

A New Round of Tax Cuts?

Posted: 30 Aug 2002
William G. Gale and Peter R. Orszag
Brookings Institution and Lazard Asset Management

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94.

The Changing Budget Outlook: Causes and Implications

Posted: 21 Nov 2001
William G. Gale, Peter R. Orszag and Gene Sperling
Brookings Institution, Lazard Asset Management and Brookings Institution

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95.

The Estate Tax: Not Dead Yet

Posted: 01 Nov 2001
William G. Gale and Joel B. Slemrod
Brookings Institution and University of Michigan, Stephen M. Ross School of Business

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96.

Tax Stimulus Options in the Aftermath of the Terrorist Attack

Posted: 03 Oct 2001
William G. Gale, Peter R. Orszag and Gene Sperling
Brookings Institution, Lazard Asset Management and Brookings Institution

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97.

Tax Simplification: Issues and Options

Posted: 06 Sep 2001
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution

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98.

Tax Cuts and the Budget

Posted: 21 Mar 2001
Alan J. Auerbach and William G. Gale
University of California, Berkeley - Department of Economics and Brookings Institution

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99.

A Matter of Life and Death: Reassessing the Estate and Gift Tax

Posted: 11 Aug 2000
William G. Gale and Joel B. Slemrod
Brookings Institution and University of Michigan, Stephen M. Ross School of Business

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100.

Asset Accumulation Among Low-Income Households

Posted: 10 Mar 2000
Stacie Carney and William G. Gale
Stanford University and Brookings Institution

Abstract:

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101.

The Effects of Pensions on Household Wealth: A Reevaluation of Theory and Evidence

Posted: 08 Oct 1998
William G. Gale
Brookings Institution

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