Norman Loayza

World Bank - Research Department

1818 H Street, N.W.

Washington, DC 20433

United States

  • World Bank - Research Department

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

73

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596

CROSSREF CITATIONS

2,283

Scholarly Papers (73)

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1.

Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter

Downloads 2,936 ( 4,830)
Citation 79

Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter

Number of pages: 37 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Daniel Lederman, Norman Loayza and Rodrigo R. Soares
World Bank - Latin America and Caribbean Region, World Bank - Research Department and Columbia University - School of International & Public Affairs (SIPA)
Downloads 2,904 (4,824)
Citation 3

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Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter

Number of pages: 35 Posted: 16 Feb 2005
Daniel Lederman, Norman Loayza and Rodrigo R. Soares
World Bank - Latin America and Caribbean Region, World Bank - Research Department and Columbia University - School of International & Public Affairs (SIPA)
Downloads 32 (550,123)
Citation 48
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2.

Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes

Downloads 2,117 ( 8,307)

Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes

Number of pages: 47 Posted: 27 Oct 2000
Ross Levine, Norman Loayza and Thorsten Beck
University of California, Berkeley - Haas School of Business, World Bank - Research Department and City University London - Sir John Cass Business School
Downloads 2,117 (8,157)
Citation 72

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Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes

Posted: 10 Oct 2000
Ross Levine, Norman Loayza and Thorsten Beck
University of California, Berkeley - Haas School of Business, World Bank - Research Department and City University London - Sir John Cass Business School

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Financial development, economic growth, legal system

3.

Finance and the Sources of Growth

Number of pages: 38 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Thorsten Beck, Ross Levine and Norman Loayza
City University London - Sir John Cass Business School, University of California, Berkeley - Haas School of Business and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 2,100 (8,429)
Citation 64

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4.

Volatility and Growth

Number of pages: 40 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza and Viktoria V. Hnatkovska
World Bank - Research Department and University of British Columbia (UBC) - Department of Economics
Downloads 1,496 (14,458)

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5.

The Peace Dividend: Military Spending Cuts and Economic Growth

Downloads 1,332 ( 17,346)
Citation 31

The Peace Dividend: Military Spending Cuts and Economic Growth

Number of pages: 60 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Malcolm Knight, Norman Loayza and Delano Villanueva
World Bank, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank
Downloads 1,089 (23,047)
Citation 10

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The Peace Dividend: Military Spending Cuts and Economic Growth

IMF Working Paper No. 95/53
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 15 Feb 2006
Malcolm Knight and Norman Loayza
World Bank and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 243 (149,553)

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6.

Financial Development, Financial Fragility, and Growth

Downloads 1,216 ( 19,860)
Citation 46

Financial Development, Financial Fragility, and Growth

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 684, IMF Working Paper No. 05/170
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 23 Nov 2005
Norman Loayza and Romain G. Rancière
World Bank - Research Department and University of Southern California
Downloads 496 (67,107)
Citation 5

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Financial Development, Financial Fragility, and Growth

IMF Working Paper No. 05/170
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 03 Mar 2006
Norman Loayza and Romain G. Rancière
World Bank - Research Department and University of Southern California
Downloads 446 (76,454)
Citation 5

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Growth empirics, banking crisis, pooled mean group estimation

Financial Development, Financial Fragility, and Growth

UPF Working Paper 855
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 30 Nov 2005
Norman Loayza and Romain G. Rancière
World Bank - Research Department and University of Southern California
Downloads 274 (132,335)
Citation 22

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Financial development

7.

The Impact of Regulation on Growth and Informality Cross-Country Evidence

Number of pages: 22 Posted: 14 Jul 2005
Norman Loayza, Ana Maria Oviedo and Luis Servén
World Bank - Research Department, University of Maryland - Department of Economics and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 1,115 (22,658)
Citation 43

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Regulation, government performance, economic growth, informal economy

8.

Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment and Mergers and Acquisitions: Feedback and Macroeconomic Effects

Number of pages: 31 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza, César A. Calderón and Luis Servén
World Bank - Research Department, Central Bank of Chile and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 774 (37,980)
Citation 1

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9.

The Economics of the Informal Sector: A Simple Model and Some Empirical Evidence from Latin America

Number of pages: 60 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza
World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 722 (41,791)
Citation 9

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10.

Determinants of Current Account Deficits in Developing Countries

Number of pages: 38 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza, Alberto Chong and César A. Calderón
World Bank - Research Department, University of Ottawa and Central Bank of Chile
Downloads 584 (55,244)
Citation 11

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11.

The Development Impact of the Illegality of Drug Trade

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4543
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Philip Keefer, Norman Loayza and Rodrigo R. Soares
Inter-American Development Bank, World Bank - Research Department and Columbia University - School of International & Public Affairs (SIPA)
Downloads 528 (62,709)

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Health Monitoring & Evaluation, Crime and Society, Economic Theory & Research, Post Conflict Reconstruction, Markets and Market Access

12.

Regulation and Macroeconomic Performance

Number of pages: 44 Posted: 12 Jan 2005
Norman Loayza, Ana Maria Oviedo and Luis Servén
World Bank - Research Department, University of Maryland - Department of Economics and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 495 (67,959)
Citation 1

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Regulation, government structure, volatility, economic growth

13.

What Drives Private Saving Around the World?

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza, Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and Luis Servén
World Bank - Research Department, Central Bank of Chile and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 422 (82,417)
Citation 2

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14.

Natural Disasters and Growth - Going Beyond the Averages

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4980
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza, Eduardo Olaberria, Jamele Rigolini and Luc Christiaensen
World Bank - Research Department, Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) - Economics Department (ECO), New York University (NYU) - Department of Economics and World Bank
Downloads 411 (84,942)
Citation 16

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Natural Disasters, Disaster Management, Hazard Risk Management, Achieving Shared Growth, Economic Conditions and Volatility

15.

Infrastructure and Economic Growth in Egypt

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5177
Number of pages: 76 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza and Rei Odawara
World Bank - Research Department and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 408 (85,715)
Citation 1

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Non Bank Financial Institutions, Debt Markets, Transport Economics Policy & Planning, Public Sector Economics, Economic Theory & Research

16.

Informality Trends and Cycles

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4078
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza and Jamele Rigolini
World Bank - Research Department and New York University (NYU) - Department of Economics
Downloads 386 (91,310)
Citation 2

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Labor Markets, Economic Theory & Research, Work & Working Conditions, Labor Standards, Inequality

17.

World Market Integration Through the Lens of Foreign Direct Investors

Downloads 375 ( 94,530)
Citation 48

World Market Integration Through the Lens of Foreign Direct Investors

Number of pages: 57 Posted: 10 Feb 2003
Rui A. Albuquerque, Norman Loayza and Luis Servén
Boston College, Carroll School of Management, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 318 (112,918)
Citation 7

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Capital Market Integration, Emerging Economies, Global Factors, Foreign Direct Investment

World Market Integration Through the Lens of Foreign Direct Investors

Journal of International Economics, Vol. 66, 2005
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 30 Dec 2014
Rui A. Albuquerque, Norman Loayza and Luis Servén
Boston College, Carroll School of Management, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 57 (435,895)

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Capital market integration, emerging economies, global factors, foreign direct investment

18.

The Golden Period for Growth in Chile: Explanations and Forecasts

Central Bank of Chile Working Paper No. 146
Number of pages: 56 Posted: 23 Feb 2002
Francisco A. Gallego and Norman Loayza
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile - Institute of Economics and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 324 (111,740)
Citation 2

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Economic growth, productivity, Chile, policy complementarities

19.

Country Portfolios

Downloads 302 (120,130)
Citation 8

Country Portfolios

Number of pages: 44 Posted: 29 Oct 2004
Aart Kraay, Norman Loayza, Luis Servén and Jaume Ventura
World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Research Department, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG) and Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI)
Downloads 262 (138,708)
Citation 9

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Country Portfolios

NBER Working Paper No. w7795
Number of pages: 63 Posted: 19 Jul 2000 Last Revised: 01 Apr 2001
Aart Kraay, Norman Loayza, Luis Servén and Jaume Ventura
World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Research Department, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG) and Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI)
Downloads 40 (508,064)

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20.

Poverty, Inequality, and the Local Natural Resource Curse

Downloads 293 (123,932)
Citation 3

Poverty, Inequality, and the Local Natural Resource Curse

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6366
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza, Alfredo Mier y Teran and Jamele Rigolini
World Bank - Research Department, UCLA and New York University (NYU) - Department of Economics
Downloads 237 (153,245)

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Subnational Economic Development, Rural Poverty Reduction, Regional Economic Development, Economic Theory & Research, Housing & Human Habitats

Poverty, Inequality, and the Local Natural Resource Curse

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7226
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 09 Mar 2013
Norman Loayza, Alfredo Mier y Teran and Jamele Rigolini
World Bank - Research Department, UCLA and New York University (NYU) - Department of Economics
Downloads 56 (439,622)
Citation 1

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natural resource curse, poverty, inequality, living standards

21.

Openness Can Be Good for Growth: The Role of Policy Complementarities

Downloads 290 (125,286)
Citation 62

Openness Can Be Good for Growth: The Role of Policy Complementarities

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3763
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 11 Nov 2005
Roberto Chang, Linda Kaltani and Norman Loayza
Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway - Faculty of Arts and Sciences-New Brunswick/Piscataway - Department of Economics, American University - Department of Economics and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 255 (142,576)

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Openness, Growth, Economic Reform, Policy Complementarity

Openness Can Be Good for Growth: The Role of Policy Complementarities

NBER Working Paper No. w11787
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 24 Feb 2006 Last Revised: 17 Sep 2010
Roberto Chang, Linda Kaltani and Norman Loayza
Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway - Faculty of Arts and Sciences-New Brunswick/Piscataway - Department of Economics, American University - Department of Economics and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 35 (533,416)
Citation 13

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22.

The Composition of Growth Matters for Poverty Alleviation

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4077
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza and Claudio E. Raddatz
World Bank - Research Department and Central Bank of Chile
Downloads 282 (129,068)
Citation 7

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Pro-Poor Growth and Inequality, Population Policies, Economic Growth, Rural Poverty Reduction, Labor Markets

23.

Informality in Latin America and the Caribbean

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4888
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza, Luis Servén and Naotaka Sugawara
World Bank - Research Department, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG) and World Bank
Downloads 257 (142,029)
Citation 2

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Labor Markets, Labor Policies, Population Policies, Economic Theory & Research, Debt Markets

24.

Privatization and Nationalization Cycles

Downloads 206 (175,679)
Citation 2

Privatization and Nationalization Cycles

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5029
Number of pages: 59 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Roberto Chang, Constantino Hevia and Norman Loayza
Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway - Faculty of Arts and Sciences-New Brunswick/Piscataway - Department of Economics, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella - Departamento de Economia and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 165 (213,905)

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Economic Theory & Research, Political Economy, Emerging Markets, Labor Policies, Markets and Market Access

Privatization and Nationalization Cycles

NBER Working Paper No. w16126
Number of pages: 62 Posted: 29 Jun 2010 Last Revised: 26 Jul 2010
Roberto Chang, Constantino Hevia and Norman Loayza
Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway - Faculty of Arts and Sciences-New Brunswick/Piscataway - Department of Economics, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella - Departamento de Economia and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 41 (503,324)

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25.

Informality: Why is it so Widespread and How Can it Be Reduced?

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 133110
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 26 Mar 2019 Last Revised: 27 Apr 2020
Norman Loayza
World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 202 (180,557)
Citation 4

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Labor Markets, Social Protections & Assistance, Employment and Unemployment

26.

Has Latin America's Post-Reform Growth Been Disappointing?

Number of pages: 38 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
William Easterly, Norman Loayza and Peter J. Montiel
New York University - Department of Economics, World Bank - Research Department and Williams College - Department of Economics
Downloads 202 (178,909)
Citation 2

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27.

The Aftermath of Civil War

Downloads 192 (187,333)
Citation 6

The Aftermath of Civil War

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4190
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Siyan Chen, Norman Loayza and Marta Reynal-Querol
World Bank, World Bank - Research Department and Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences
Downloads 192 (187,231)
Citation 6

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Population Policies, Peace & Peacekeeping, Post Conflict Reintegration, Services & Transfers to Poor, Social Conflict and Violence, Civil War

The Aftermath of Civil War

The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp. 63-85, 2008
Posted: 16 Jun 2008
Siyan Chen, Norman Loayza and Marta Reynal-Querol
World Bank, World Bank - Research Department and Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences

Abstract:

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O11

28.

Economic Reform and Progress in Latin America and the Caribbean

Number of pages: 39 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza and Luisa Palacios
World Bank - Research Department and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 189 (190,001)

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29.

Productivity Growth: Patterns and Determinants Across the World

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 8852
Number of pages: 71 Posted: 13 May 2019 Last Revised: 15 May 2019
Young Eun Kim and Norman Loayza
World Bank and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 179 (199,435)

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Educational Sciences, Economic Theory & Research, Economic Growth, Industrial Economics, Judicial System Reform, International Trade and Trade Rules, Legal Reform, Regulatory Regimes, Social Policy, Common Property Resource Development, Legal Products, Legislation

30.

Medium Term Business Cycles in Developing Countries

Downloads 179 (199,435)
Citation 5

Medium Term Business Cycles in Developing Countries

Harvard Business School BGIE Unit Working Paper No. 10-029
Number of pages: 54 Posted: 16 Oct 2009 Last Revised: 15 Sep 2010
Diego A. Comin, Norman Loayza, Farooq Pasha and Luis Servén
Harvard Business School - Business, Government and the International Economy Unit, World Bank - Research Department, Boston College and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 106 (302,373)
Citation 1

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Business Cycles in Developing Countries, Co-movement between Developed and Developing economies, Volatility, Extensive Margin of Trade, Product Life Cycle, FDI

Medium-Term Business Cycles in Developing Countries

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5146
Number of pages: 58 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Diego A. Comin, Norman Loayza, Farooq Pasha and Luis Servén
Harvard Business School - Business, Government and the International Economy Unit, World Bank - Research Department, Boston College and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 58 (432,192)
Citation 4

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Economic Theory & Research, Political Economy, Emerging Markets, Debt Markets, Markets and Market Access

Medium Term Business Cycles in Developing Countries

NBER Working Paper No. w15428
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 26 Oct 2009 Last Revised: 27 Feb 2021
Diego A. Comin, Norman Loayza, Farooq Pasha and Luis Servén
Harvard Business School - Business, Government and the International Economy Unit, World Bank - Research Department, Boston College and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 15 (668,119)

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31.

Toward Successful Development Policies: Insights from Research in Development Economics

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 9133
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 31 Jan 2020 Last Revised: 22 Feb 2020
Erhan Artuc, Robert Cull, Susmita Dasgupta, Roberto Fattal, Deon Filmer, Xavier Giné, Hanan G. Jacoby, Dean Jolliffe, Hiau Looi Kee, Leora Klapper, Aart Kraay, Norman Loayza, David J. McKenzie, Berk Ozler, Vijayendra Rao, Bob Rijkers, Sergio L. Schmukler, Michael Toman, Adam Wagstaff and Michael Woolcock
World Bank, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Development Research Group, World Bank, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Agriculture and Rural Development Department, World Bank, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Research Department, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Development Economics Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG) and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 160 (219,385)

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Health Care Services Industry, International Trade and Trade Rules, Economic Assistance, Disability, Services & Transfers to Poor, Access of Poor to Social Services, Climate Change and Environment, Climate Change and Health, Science of Climate Change, Inequality

32.

The Growth Aftermath of Natural Disasters

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5002
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Thomas Fomby, Yuki Ikeda and Norman Loayza
Southern Methodist University, World Bank and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 149 (232,736)
Citation 9

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Natural Disasters, Disaster Management, Hazard Risk Management, Achieving Shared Growth, Economic Conditions and Volatility

33.

When is a Current Account Deficit Bad?

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 130415
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 10 Oct 2018 Last Revised: 29 Mar 2019
Sharmila Devadas and Norman Loayza
Central Bank of Malaysia and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 143 (242,078)
Citation 1

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International Trade and Trade Rules, Macroeconomic Management, Demographics

34.

On the Measurement of Market-Oriented Reforms

Number of pages: 66 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza and Raimundo Soto
World Bank - Research Department and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile - Institute of Economics
Downloads 141 (243,399)
Citation 1

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35.

Does Openness Imply Greater Exposure?

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3733
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 14 Oct 2005
César A. Calderón, Norman Loayza and Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel
Central Bank of Chile, World Bank - Research Department and Central Bank of Chile
Downloads 139 (246,263)
Citation 1

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External Shocks, Openness, Volatility, Growth, Non-linearities

36.

Illicit Activity and Money Laundering from an Economic Growth Perspective: A Model and an Application to Colombia

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7578
Number of pages: 66 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Edgar Villa, Norman Loayza and Martha Misas
Universidad de la Sabana, World Bank - Research Department and Pontifical University Javeriana Cali - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Downloads 137 (249,189)

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Economic Growth, Conflict and Fragile States, Economic Theory & Research, Industrial Economics

37.

Saving and Growth in Egypt

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5529
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Constantino Hevia and Norman Loayza
Universidad Torcuato Di Tella - Departamento de Economia and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 132 (256,434)

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Economic Growth, Access to Finance, Economic Theory & Research, Emerging Markets, Achieving Shared Growth

38.

Why are Developing Countries so Slow in Adopting New Technologies? The Aggregate and Complementary Impact of Micro Distortions

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5393
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Raphael Bergoeing, Norman Loayza and Facundo Piguillem
affiliation not provided to SSRN, World Bank - Research Department and Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF)
Downloads 132 (256,434)
Citation 1

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Economic Theory & Research, Emerging Markets, E-Business, Technology Industry, Political Economy

39.

Do Capital Flows Respond to Risk and Return?

Number of pages: 46 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
César A. Calderón, Norman Loayza and Luis Servén
Central Bank of Chile, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 130 (259,366)
Citation 1

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40.

Financial Development, Growth, and Crisis: Is There a Trade-Off?

Downloads 125 (267,165)
Citation 2

Financial Development, Growth, and Crisis: Is There a Trade-Off?

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 8237
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 08 Nov 2017
Norman Loayza, Amine Ouazad and Romain Ranciere
World Bank - Research Department, HEC Montréal and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 108 (298,383)

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Economic Growth, Economic Conditions and Volatility, Economic Theory & Research, Industrial Economics

Financial Development, Growth, and Crisis: Is There a Trade-Off?

NBER Working Paper No. w24474
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 12 Apr 2018
Norman Loayza, Amine Ouazad and Romain Rancière
World Bank - Research Department, HEC Montréal and University of Southern California
Downloads 17 (652,707)

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41.

Do Middle Classes Bring Institutional Reforms?

Downloads 123 (270,506)
Citation 5

Do Middle Classes Bring Institutional Reforms?

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6015
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza, Jamele Rigolini and Gonzalo Llorente
World Bank - Research Department, New York University (NYU) - Department of Economics and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 101 (312,532)

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Inequality, Governance Indicators, Economic Theory & Research, Poverty Impact Evaluation, Achieving Shared Growth

Do Middle Classes Bring Institutional Reforms?

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6430
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 31 Mar 2012
Norman Loayza, Jamele Rigolini and Gonzalo Llorente
World Bank - Research Department, New York University (NYU) - Department of Economics and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 22 (615,617)
Citation 2

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poverty, middle class, income, institutions, development

42.

Productivity as the Key to Economic Growth and Development

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 108092
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 17 Sep 2018 Last Revised: 29 Mar 2019
Young Eun Kim, Norman Loayza and Claudia Maria Meza Cuadra Balcazar
World Bank, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank
Downloads 117 (280,439)
Citation 1

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Macro-Fiscal Policy, Economic Theory & Research, Taxation & Subsidies, Economic Adjustment and Lending, Industrial Economics, Public Sector Economics, Primary Education, Educational Sciences, International Trade and Trade Rules, Economic Growth, Public Finance Decentralization and Poverty Reduction

43.

External Sustainability: A Stock Equilibrium Perspective

Number of pages: 43 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
César A. Calderón, Norman Loayza and Luis Servén
Central Bank of Chile, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 117 (280,439)

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44.

The Structural Determinants of External Vulnerability

Downloads 114 (285,654)

The Structural Determinants of External Vulnerability

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4089
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza and Claudio E. Raddatz
World Bank - Research Department and Central Bank of Chile
Downloads 114 (287,067)

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Pro-Poor Growth and Inequality, Free Trade, Economic Theory & Research, Inequality, Macroeconomic Management

The Structural Determinants of External Vulnerability

The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 21, Issue 3, pp. 359-387, 2007
Posted: 16 Jun 2008
Norman Loayza and Claudio E. Raddatz
World Bank - Research Department and Central Bank of Chile

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F36, F41, F43

45.

Informality in the Process of Development and Growth

Downloads 113 (287,403)
Citation 1

Informality in the Process of Development and Growth

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7858
Number of pages: 87 Posted: 13 Oct 2016
Norman Loayza
World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 112 (290,702)

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Informality in the Process of Development and Growth

The World Economy, Vol. 39, Issue 12, pp. 1856-1916, 2016
Number of pages: 61 Posted: 07 Jan 2017 Last Revised: 05 Jun 2020
Norman Loayza
World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 1 (792,043)
Citation 1
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46.

Costs and Trade-Offs in the Fight Against the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Developing Country Perspective

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 148535
Number of pages: 9 Posted: 19 May 2020 Last Revised: 20 May 2020
Norman Loayza
World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 108 (296,667)

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Health Care Services Industry, Inequality, Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases, Law and Justice Institutions, International Trade and Trade Rules

47.

Paradise Lost?: Growth, Convergence and Migration in the South Pacific

IMF Working Paper No. 95/28
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 15 Feb 2006
Paul Anthony Cashin and Norman Loayza
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 98 (316,529)

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48.

Macroeconomic Policy in the Time of COVID-19: A Primer for Developing Countries

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 147291
Number of pages: 9 Posted: 28 Apr 2020
Norman Loayza and Steven Michael Pennings
World Bank - Research Department and World Bank
Downloads 96 (320,795)
Citation 9

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Health Care Services Industry, Public Health Promotion, Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases, Economic Conditions and Volatility

49.

The Future of Work: Race With-Not Against-The Machine

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 129680
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 17 Sep 2018 Last Revised: 29 Mar 2019
Lay Lian Chuah, Norman Loayza and Achim Schmillen
World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Research Department and Osteuropa-Institut (OEI)
Downloads 92 (329,593)

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Labor Markets, Rural Labor Markets, Armed Conflict, Food Security

50.

Global Trade: Slowdown, Factors, and Policies

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 123899
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 17 Sep 2018 Last Revised: 27 Apr 2020
Dorina Peteva Georgieva, Norman Loayza and Fabian Mendez Ramos
World Bank, World Bank - Research Department and Development Research Group, The World Bank
Downloads 89 (336,453)

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Trade and Multilateral Issues, Trade and Services, Trade Policy, Trade Facilitation, International Trade and Trade Rules, International Economics and Trade, Transport and Trade Logistics, Trade and Regional Integration, Private Sector Development, Industrial and Consumer Services and Products, Competitiveness and Competition Policy, Marketing, Labor Markets, Private Sector Development Law, Private Sector Economics, Industry, Law and Development, Social Policy, Legal Reform, Social Development, Treaties, Economics and Institutions, Public Sector Management and Reform, Macroeconomics and Economic Growth, Public Sector Development, Regulatory Regimes, International Law, Non Governmental Organiz

51.

The Middle-Income Trap: Myth or Reality?

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 104230
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 17 Sep 2018 Last Revised: 29 Mar 2019
Gregory Michael Larson, Norman Loayza and Michael Woolcock
World Bank, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 75 (375,268)

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Economic Theory & Research, Private Sector Economics, Industrial Economics, Educational Sciences, Private Sector Development Law, International Trade and Trade Rules, Economic Growth, Marketing

52.

Saving and Growth in Sri Lanka

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6300
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Constantino Hevia and Norman Loayza
Universidad Torcuato Di Tella - Departamento de Economia and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 75 (372,436)

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Economic Growth, Emerging Markets, Access to Finance, Economic Theory & Research, Achieving Shared Growth

53.

More than You Can Handle: Decentralization and Spending Ability of Peruvian Municipalities

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Citation 5

More than You Can Handle: Decentralization and Spending Ability of Peruvian Municipalities

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5763
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Norman Loayza, Jamele Rigolini and Oscar Calvo‐González
World Bank - Research Department, New York University (NYU) - Department of Economics and World Bank
Downloads 68 (397,804)
Citation 1

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Public Sector Expenditure Policy, Subnational Economic Development, Debt Markets, Political Economy, Municipal Financial Management

More than You Can Handle: Decentralization and Spending Ability of Peruvian Municipalities

Economics & Politics, Vol. 26, Issue 1, pp. 56-78, 2014
Number of pages: 23 Posted: 21 Jan 2014
Norman Loayza, Jamele Rigolini and Oscar Calvo‐González
World Bank - Research Department, New York University (NYU) - Department of Economics and World Bank
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Citation 1
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54.

The Impact of Wealth on the Amount and Quality of Child Labor

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5959
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Ximena V. Del Carpio and Norman Loayza
World Bank - Independent Evaluation Group and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 61 (415,523)

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Street Children, Labor Policies, Labor Markets, Children and Youth, Youth and Governance

55.

Structural Transformation of the Agricultural Sector: A Primer

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 104231
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 17 Sep 2018 Last Revised: 27 Apr 2020
Raian Divanbeigi, Nina Paustian and Norman Loayza
World Bank, World Bank and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 58 (425,874)
Citation 1

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Food Security, International Trade and Trade Rules, Climate Change and Agriculture, Crops and Crop Management Systems, Common Carriers Industry, Food & Beverage Industry, Plastics & Rubber Industry, Agribusiness, Textiles, Apparel & Leather Industry, Pulp & Paper Industry, Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies, Agricultural Economics, Trade and Agriculture, Agricultural Trade

56.

The Future of Work: Race With — Not Against — the Machine

Number of pages: 10 Posted: 24 Jun 2019
Lay Lian Chuah, Norman Loayza and Achim D. Schmillen
The World Bank, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank
Downloads 57 (429,377)
Citation 1

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Automation, Jobs

57.

The Fight Against Corruption: Taming Tigers and Swatting Flies

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 145050
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 28 Apr 2020
Lay Lian Chuah, Norman Loayza and C. Bernard Myers
The World Bank, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank
Downloads 54 (440,168)
Citation 1

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National Governance, Social Policy, Judicial System Reform, Youth and Governance, Legal Reform, Government Policies, Public Sector Economics, Legislation, Legal Products, Public Finance Decentralization and Poverty Reduction, Regulatory Regimes, Governance Indicators, Educational Sciences, Public Sector Administrative & Civil Service Reform, Administrative & Civil Service Reform, Democratic Government, Public Sector Administrative and Civil Service Reform, De Facto Governments

58.

What Drives Private Saving Across the World?

Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 82, No. 2, 2000
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 13 Sep 2017
Norman Loayza, Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and Luis Servén
World Bank - Research Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 52 (447,534)
Citation 14

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Private savings, Estimators, Inflation rates, Savings rates, National savings, Statistical estimation, P values, Instrumental variables estimation, Ratios, Terms of trade

59.

Resource Misallocation Leading to Productivity Gaps in Malaysia's Manufacturing Sector?

Number of pages: 23 Posted: 18 Jun 2019
Lay Lian Chuah, Norman Loayza and Ha Nguyen
The World Bank, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank
Downloads 49 (459,047)

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Total factor productivity, resource misallocation, distortions, efficiency, growth, manufacturing, Malaysia

60.

Industrial Policies vs Public Goods Under Asymmetric Information

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 8052
Number of pages: 14 Posted: 05 May 2017
Constantino Hevia, Norman Loayza and Claudia Maria Meza Cuadra
Universidad Torcuato Di Tella - Departamento de Economia, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank
Downloads 34 (526,208)

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Tax Law, Tax Administration, Macro-Fiscal Policy, Public Finance Decentralization and Poverty Reduction, Public Sector Economics, Marketing, Economic Adjustment and Lending, Private Sector Economics, Tax Policy, Taxation & Subsidies, Private Sector Development Law

61.

Resource Misallocation and Productivity Gaps in Malaysia

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 8368
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 21 Mar 2018
Lay Lian Chuah, Norman Loayza and Ha Nguyen
World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), World Bank - Research Department and World Bank
Downloads 32 (536,631)

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Food & Beverage Industry, Common Carriers Industry, Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies, Construction Industry, Plastics & Rubber Industry, Pulp & Paper Industry, Textiles, Apparel & Leather Industry, General Manufacturing, Employment and Unemployment, Transport Services, Food Security, Public Sector Administrative & Civil Service Reform, Economics and Finance of Public Institution Development, De Facto Governments, Democratic Government, State Owned Enterprise Reform, Public Sector Administrative and Civil Service Reform

62.

Slow Recoveries

NBER Working Paper No. w10584
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 07 Jul 2004 Last Revised: 09 Jul 2004
Raphael Bergoeing, Norman Loayza and Andrea Repetto
affiliation not provided to SSRN, World Bank - Research Department and University of Chile - Engineering Department
Downloads 31 (541,889)
Citation 2

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63.

The Drive Toward Universal Health Coverage

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 124552
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 17 Sep 2018 Last Revised: 27 Apr 2020
Young Eun Kim and Norman Loayza
World Bank and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 30 (547,273)

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Health Care Services Industry, Health Service Management and Delivery, Health Insurance, Disease Control & Prevention

64.

The Golden Period for Growth in Chile: Explanations and Forecasts

ECONOMIC GROWTH: SOURCES, TRENDS AND CYCLES, N. Loayza, R. Soto, eds., 2003
Number of pages: 48 Posted: 03 Dec 2010 Last Revised: 19 Dec 2010
Francisco A. Gallego and Norman Loayza
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 26 (570,752)

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Economic growth, productivity, Chile, policy complementarities

65.

Sectorial Macroeconomic Interdependences: Evidence for Latin America, East Asia and Europe

IMF Working Paper No. 99/11
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 08 Sep 1999
Norman Loayza, Humberto Lopez and Angel J. Ubide
World Bank - Research Department, World Bank - Research Department and Tudor Investment Corporation
Downloads 25 (577,069)

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66.

Growth after War in Syria

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 8967
Number of pages: 47 Posted: 07 Aug 2019
Sharmila Devadas, Ibrahim Ahmed Elbadawi and Norman Loayza
World Bank’s Development Research Group, World Bank and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 21 (609,825)

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Armed Conflict, Labor Markets, Labor & Employment Law, Demographics, Macroeconomic Management

67.

Open Data: Differences and Implications Across Countries

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 114829
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 17 Sep 2018 Last Revised: 29 Mar 2019
Lay Lian Chuah and Norman Loayza
World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG) and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 13 (658,786)

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Economic Theory & Research, Industrial Economics, ICT Legal and Regulatory Framework, ICT Policy and Strategies, Information Security & Privacy, Educational Sciences, Economic Growth, Transport Services

68.

Should We Fear Foreign Exchange Depreciation?

World Bank Research and Policy Briefs No. 109374
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 17 Sep 2018 Last Revised: 29 Mar 2019
Norman Loayza and Fabian Mendez Ramos
World Bank - Research Department and Development Research Group, The World Bank
Downloads 7 (702,934)

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International Trade and Trade Rules, Macroeconomic Management, Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress, Commodity Risk Management

69.

Medium Term Business Cycles in Developing Countries

CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP8574
Number of pages: 55 Posted: 21 Sep 2011
Diego Comin, Norman Loayza, Farooq Pasha and Luis Servén
Harvard University - Business School (HBS), World Bank - Research Department, Boston College and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 3 (734,317)
Citation 55
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business cycles in developing countries, co-movement between developed and developing economies, extensive margin of trade, FDI, product life cycle, volatility

70.

Saving in Developing Countries: An Overview

World Bank Economic Review, 14(3): 393-414, 2000
Posted: 05 Oct 2017
Norman Loayza, Luis Servén and Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel
World Bank - Research Department, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG) and Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

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71.

Macroeconomic Volatility and Welfare in Developing Countries: An Introduction

The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 343-357, 2007
Posted: 16 Jun 2008
Norman Loayza, Romain G. Rancière, Luis Servén and Jaume Ventura
World Bank - Research Department, University of Southern California, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG) and Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI)

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72.

Inequality and Violent Crime

Posted: 01 May 2002
Daniel Lederman, Pablo Fajnzylber and Norman Loayza
World Bank - Latin America and Caribbean Region, World Bank - Economic Development Institute and World Bank - Research Department

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73.

Finance and the Sources of Growth

Posted: 31 Jan 2001
Thorsten Beck, Ross Levine and Norman Loayza
City University London - Sir John Cass Business School, University of California, Berkeley - Haas School of Business and World Bank - Research Department

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Growth, Financial Intermediation