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<head>    <script language="JavaScript">var beforeload = (new Date()).getTime();var totalTime = 0;var clientTime = 0;var serverTime = 0;var XmlHttpObj1;function Sign(X) { return X>0 ? "+" : X<0 ? "-" : " " }function CreateXmlHttpObj1() {try {XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");}catch(e) {try{XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");}catch(oc) {XmlHttpObj1 = null;}}if(!XmlHttpObj1 && typeof XMLHttpRequest != "undefined") {XmlHttpObj1 = new XMLHttpRequest();}}function loadingTime() {//calculate the current time in afterloadvar afterload = (new Date()).getTime();//calculate the secondsclientTime = (afterload-beforeload)/1000;serverTime =  parseFloat(document.getElementById("serverTime").innerHTML);totalTime = (clientTime + serverTime).toFixed(3);document.getElementById("loadingtime").innerHTML = "and delivered in " + totalTime + " seconds";}function addLoadEvent(func) {var oldonload = window.onload;if (typeof window.onload != 'function') {window.onload = func;} else {window.onload = function() {if (oldonload) {oldonload();}func();}}}</script>    <title>SSRN JEL Code: L00</title>    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">    <meta name="robots" content="noindex">        <meta name="description" content="SSRN JEL Code: L00">        <meta name="keywords" content="SSRN, JEL Code: L00">        <link rel="search"              type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"  href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/opensearchdescription.xml"              title="SSRN" />    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script></head>    <body class="new-layout"><div id="genericToastr" class="generic-toastr"><div class="toastr-icon"><i id="toastrIcon"></i></div><div id="toastrMessage" class="toastr-mesage"></div><div class="toastr-close"><i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" onclick="closeToastr()"></i></div><div class="toastr-link"><a id="toastrLink" href="#"></a></div></div>    <script language="javascript">//Language functionsfunction changeLanguage1(language, response){$.ajax({url: '/AltLanguage_ajax.cfm?type=changeLanguage&partid=1&strCode=en',cache: false,success: function(data) {// Update values in cookiesSet_Cookie('SITEID',language,'-1','/','.ssrn.com','');Set_Cookie('SITEID',language,'1000','/','.ssrn.com','');// Finally, perform redirectionif (response == 'reload') {window.location.reload();}else {window.location.href=response;}}});}function Set_Cookie( name, value, expires, path, domain, secure ) {// set time, its in millisecondsvar today = new Date();today.setTime( today.getTime() );/*if the expires variable is set, make the correctexpires time, the current script below will setit for x number of days, to make it for hours,delete * 24, for minutes, delete * 60 * 24*/if ( expires ) {expires = expires * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24;}var expires_date = new Date( today.getTime() + (expires) );document.cookie = name + "=" +escape( value ) +( ( expires ) ? 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keyboard$('.has-sub-menu a').focus(function() {$(this).parents("li").addClass("focus");}).blur(function() {$(this).parents("li").removeClass("focus");});});// Show translation notice on change$('.dropdown-lang').on('change', function() {toggleTranslationNote();});// Accordion functionality on Footer MOvar $collapseBtn = $('h4[data-toggle="collapse"]'),$collapsableContent = $('.collapsable');$collapseBtn.on('click', function(){var $this = $(this),$parent = $this.parent(),$thisCollapsable = $parent.find('.collapsable');$collapsableContent.slideUp('fast');if ( !$thisCollapsable.is(":visible") ) {$thisCollapsable.slideDown('fast');}});// Show translation notice on footerfunction toggleTranslationNote() {$('.translation-notice').toggle();}});//Language functionfunction changeLanguage(lang){        var curretUrl = window.location.href;        if(curretUrl.indexOf('&lng') != -1) {            var new_url = curretUrl.substring(0, curretUrl.indexOf('&lng'));    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class="box-container"><header><form name="searchForm" id="searchForm" action="?form_name=Jel&code=L00&lim=false" method="post">    <h1 class="section-title">    <div>Search Results</div>    <span>JEL Code: L00</span></h1>            <div class="organization-header">
            <div class="info">
                
                                
                
                    <strong>   226,653 </strong>Total downloads
                                
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Harvey</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Duke University - Fuqua School of Business                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span> 7,065</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <div class="trow abs abs_991821" id="div_991821">                        <div class="actions">                            6.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=991821">The Credit Rating Industry: Competition and Regulation</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 176</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 14 Jun 2007</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=820699" target="_blank">Fabian Dittrich</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    University of Cologne - Department of Economics                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span> 6,702</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <div class="trow abs abs_2479670" id="div_2479670">                        <div class="actions">                            7.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2479670">Bitcoin Myths and Facts</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 10</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 16 Aug 2014</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 20 Nov 2017</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=16198" target="_blank">Campbell R. Harvey</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Duke University - Fuqua School of Business                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span> 5,642</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <div class="trow abs abs_985843" id="div_985843">                        <div class="actions">                            8.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=985843">Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism, and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 334</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 16 May 2007</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=46051" target="_blank">William J. 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Litan</a> and <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=792270" target="_blank">Carl J Schramm</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    New York University - Stern School of Business, Berkley Center for Entrepreneurial Studies, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) - Council on Foreign Relations- Washington D.C. and Syracuse University                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span> 5,254</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="trow abs abs_2758126" id="div_2758126">                        <div class="actions">                            9.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2758126">Should We Worry About Filter Bubbles?</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>Internet Policy Review. Journal on Internet Regulation, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2016</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 16</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 04 Apr 2016</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 28 Aug 2016</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1896949" target="_blank">Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius</a>, <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2515373" target="_blank">Damian Trilling</a>, <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2533834" target="_blank">Judith Moeller</a>, <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=666310" target="_blank">Balázs Bodó</a>, <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=627839" target="_blank">Claes H. de Vreese</a> and <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=526702" target="_blank">Natali Helberger</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    iHub, interdisciplinary research hub on Security, Privacy, and Data Governance, University of Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam - Institute for Information Law (IViR), University of Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam - Institute for Information Law (IViR)                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span> 4,980</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="trow abs abs_1069950" id="div_1069950">                        <div class="actions">                            10.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1069950">The Fable of the Keys</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>Famous Fables of Economics, Dan Spulber, (ed.), Blackwell Publishers, 2002, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 1-26, April 1990</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 29</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 12 Dec 2007</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=59984" target="_blank">Stan J. 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Margolis</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    University of Texas at Dallas - School of Management - Department of Finance & Managerial Economics and North Carolina State University - Department of Economics                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span> 4,732</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <div class="trow abs abs_3273476" id="div_3273476">                        <div class="actions">                            11.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3273476">TV Advertising Effectiveness and Profitability: Generalizable Results from 288 Brands</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 46</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 20 Jan 2020</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 10 Feb 2021</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2133912" target="_blank">Bradley Shapiro</a>, <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=841733" target="_blank">Günter J. 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Jules Polonetsky, Omer Tene, and Evan Selinger (Cambridge University Press, 2017)</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 33</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 01 Mar 2017</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 08 Sep 2017</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                   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class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 40</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 18 Feb 2016</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1896949" target="_blank">Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius</a>               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                                                                 <span>Posted: 18 Oct 2014</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 17 Oct 2015</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=519130" target="_blank">Anca D. 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Rev. 1001 (2013)</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 50</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 26 Aug 2012</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 18 Dec 2013</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1106924" target="_blank">Charles R.T. 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                                                     <div><i>Forthcoming, Amsterdam Privacy Conference 23-26 October 2015, Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No. 2015-32, Institute for Information Law Research Paper No. 2015-02</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 21</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 29 Aug 2015</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 05 Feb 2018</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">    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                                                                                                   <div><i>Competition Policy International, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 24-57, Autumn 2007, George Mason Law & Economics Research Paper No. 07-41</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 35</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 09 Nov 2007</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                 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The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment[J]. Comparative Studies, 2018 (2): 135-160.</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 24</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 14 Feb 2018</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 01 Jun 2018</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                           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