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"+" : X<0 ? "-" : " " }function CreateXmlHttpObj1() {try {XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");}catch(e) {try{XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");}catch(oc) {XmlHttpObj1 = null;}}if(!XmlHttpObj1 && typeof XMLHttpRequest != "undefined") {XmlHttpObj1 = new XMLHttpRequest();}}function loadingTime() {//calculate the current time in afterloadvar afterload = (new Date()).getTime();//calculate the secondsclientTime = (afterload-beforeload)/1000;serverTime =  parseFloat(document.getElementById("serverTime").innerHTML);totalTime = (clientTime + serverTime).toFixed(3);document.getElementById("loadingtime").innerHTML = "and delivered in " + totalTime + " seconds";}function addLoadEvent(func) {var oldonload = window.onload;if (typeof window.onload != 'function') {window.onload = func;} else {window.onload = function() {if (oldonload) {oldonload();}func();}}}</script>    <title>SSRN JEL Code: D13</title>    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">    <meta name="robots" content="noindex">        <meta name="description" content="SSRN JEL Code: D13">        <meta name="keywords" content="SSRN, JEL Code: D13">        <link rel="search"              type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"  href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/opensearchdescription.xml"              title="SSRN" />    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script></head>    <body class="new-layout"><div id="genericToastr" class="generic-toastr"><div class="toastr-icon"><i id="toastrIcon"></i></div><div id="toastrMessage" class="toastr-mesage"></div><div class="toastr-close"><i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" onclick="closeToastr()"></i></div><div class="toastr-link"><a id="toastrLink" href="#"></a></div></div>    <script language="javascript">//Language functionsfunction changeLanguage1(language, response){$.ajax({url: '/AltLanguage_ajax.cfm?type=changeLanguage&partid=1&strCode=en',cache: false,success: function(data) {// Update values in cookiesSet_Cookie('SITEID',language,'-1','/','.ssrn.com','');Set_Cookie('SITEID',language,'1000','/','.ssrn.com','');// Finally, perform redirectionif (response == 'reload') {window.location.reload();}else {window.location.href=response;}}});}function Set_Cookie( name, value, expires, path, domain, secure ) {// set time, its in millisecondsvar today = new Date();today.setTime( today.getTime() );/*if the expires variable is set, make the correctexpires time, the current script below will setit for x number of days, to make it for hours,delete * 24, for minutes, delete * 60 * 24*/if ( expires ) {expires = expires * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24;}var expires_date = new Date( today.getTime() + (expires) );document.cookie = name + "=" +escape( value ) +( ( expires ) ? 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";secure" : "" );}/** We use this function when the language should be stripped from an object, like a form RADIO*/function getLanguage ( oObj ) {var specialChars = "!@#$^&%*()+=-[]\/{}|:<>?,.";// Need to clean up code if object came from Mura site.sCode = oObj.value;if (sCode.length > 2) {for (var i = 0; i < specialChars.length; i++) {sCode = sCode.replace(new RegExp("\\" + specialChars[i], 'gi'), '');}// After cleaning up special chars, we take the first two chars.sCode = sCode.substring(0,2).trim();}return sCode;}</script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://privstatic.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom-bootstrap.min.css?v=410"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://privstatic.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom.min.css?v=410"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://privstatic.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/global.min.css?v=410"><link href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-global-header/main.css?v=410" rel="stylesheet"><div class="accesibility-link"><a id="skip-to-content" title="Skip to content" href="#maincontent">Skip to main content</a></div><meta name="part_id" content="1"><meta name="www_server" content="privwww.ssrn.com"><meta name="static_server" content="https://cdn.ssrn.com"><meta name="hq_server" content="privhq.ssrn.com"><meta name="papers_server" content="privpapers.ssrn.com"><meta name="user_name" content="Public User"><meta name="is_custom" content="false"><meta name="own_design" content="false"><meta name="ab_id" content=""><meta name="on_behalf" content="False"><meta name="login_user_id" content=""><!--GLOBAL HEADER--><header id="global-header" data-id-plus-auth-enabled="false"></header><script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">if(typeof jQuery == 'undefined') {
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}</script><script>function sentEmailValidation(lngLoginID, forwardURL){var parameters = {"lngLoginID" : lngLoginID,"strForwardURL" : forwardURL};$.ajax({type: "POST",url: "https://privstatic.ssrn.com/cfc/webServices/loginServices.cfc?method=sentValidationEmailNew",data: parameters,dataType: "jsonp",async: false,success: function(data) {if(data.RESULT == 1){$("#errorMessageLogin").html(data.MESSAGE);}},error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {console.log(textStatus, errorThrown);}});};</script><script>$( document ).ready(function() {// Show translation notice on footer on loadvar hebrewIsSelected = $('.dropdown-lang option:last-child').is(':selected'),$body = $('body'),$loginBox = $('.loginBox'),$menuMain = $('.menu-main'),$profileMenu = $('.profileMenu');if (hebrewIsSelected) {toggleTranslationNote();}        $('#global-header .auth-menu > div > a:first-child').on('click', function() {        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A. (2017). Risks in Advanced Age. Journal of Financial Planning. 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Rosati</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    City University of New York, CUNY Hunter College - Department of Economics and University of Rome Tor Vergata - Faculty of Economics                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  426</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                        </div>                    </div>                                            <div class="results-footer">                                <div class="pagination"><ul>  <li class="curr"><strong>1</strong></li><li><a href="/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?npage=2&form_name=Jel&code=D13&lim=false" class="jeljour_pagination_number" role="button" tabindex="0">2</a></li><li><a href="/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?npage=3&form_name=Jel&code=D13&lim=false" class="jeljour_pagination_number" role="button" tabindex="0">3</a></li><li><a href="/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?npage=4&form_name=Jel&code=D13&lim=false" class="jeljour_pagination_number" role="button" tabindex="0">4</a></li><li>...</li><li><a href="/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?npage=21&form_name=Jel&code=D13&lim=false" class="jeljour_pagination_number" role="button" tabindex="0">21</a></li><li class="next"><a href="/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?npage=2&form_name=Jel&code=D13&lim=false" role="button" tabindex="0">Next</a></li><li class="total">21</li></ul><div class="go-to-page input-group form-group" onkeypress="return isNumberKey(event)"><input type="text" aria-label="Go to page" placeholder="Go to page" role="input"><button onclick="gotoPage(21,this.parentNode);" aria-label="Go" role="button"><i class="icon-gizmo-navigate-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></button></div></div> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">function isNumberKey(evt) {var charCode = (evt.which) ? evt.which : event.keyCodeif (charCode > 31 && (charCode < 48 || charCode > 57)) {return false;}return true;}function gotoPage(totalPages,caller){var gotopage = caller.getElementsByTagName('input')[0].value;if (gotopage == "" || gotopage == null) {alert('The page number field cannot be empty.  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