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"+" : X<0 ? "-" : " " }function CreateXmlHttpObj1() {try {XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");}catch(e) {try{XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");}catch(oc) {XmlHttpObj1 = null;}}if(!XmlHttpObj1 && typeof XMLHttpRequest != "undefined") {XmlHttpObj1 = new XMLHttpRequest();}}function loadingTime() {//calculate the current time in afterloadvar afterload = (new Date()).getTime();//calculate the secondsclientTime = (afterload-beforeload)/1000;serverTime =  parseFloat(document.getElementById("serverTime").innerHTML);totalTime = (clientTime + serverTime).toFixed(3);document.getElementById("loadingtime").innerHTML = "and delivered in " + totalTime + " seconds";}function addLoadEvent(func) {var oldonload = window.onload;if (typeof window.onload != 'function') {window.onload = func;} else {window.onload = function() {if (oldonload) {oldonload();}func();}}}</script>    <title>SSRN JEL Code: B12</title>    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">    <meta name="robots" content="noindex">        <meta name="description" content="SSRN JEL Code: B12">        <meta name="keywords" content="SSRN, JEL Code: B12">        <link rel="search"              type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"  href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/opensearchdescription.xml"              title="SSRN" />    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script></head>    <body class="new-layout"><div id="genericToastr" class="generic-toastr"><div class="toastr-icon"><i id="toastrIcon"></i></div><div id="toastrMessage" class="toastr-mesage"></div><div class="toastr-close"><i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" onclick="closeToastr()"></i></div><div class="toastr-link"><a id="toastrLink" href="#"></a></div></div>    <script language="javascript">//Language functionsfunction changeLanguage1(language, response){$.ajax({url: '/AltLanguage_ajax.cfm?type=changeLanguage&partid=1&strCode=en',cache: false,success: function(data) {// Update values in cookiesSet_Cookie('SITEID',language,'-1','/','.ssrn.com','');Set_Cookie('SITEID',language,'1000','/','.ssrn.com','');// Finally, perform redirectionif (response == 'reload') {window.location.reload();}else {window.location.href=response;}}});}function Set_Cookie( name, value, expires, path, domain, secure ) {// set time, its in millisecondsvar today = new Date();today.setTime( today.getTime() );/*if the expires variable is set, make the correctexpires time, the current script below will setit for x number of days, to make it for hours,delete * 24, for minutes, delete * 60 * 24*/if ( expires ) {expires = expires * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24;}var expires_date = new Date( today.getTime() + (expires) );document.cookie = name + "=" +escape( value ) +( ( expires ) ? ";expires=" + expires_date.toGMTString() : "" ) +( ( path ) ? ";path=" + path : "" ) +( ( domain ) ? ";domain=" + domain : "" ) +( ( secure ) ? ";secure" : "" );}/** We use this function when the language should be stripped from an object, like a form RADIO*/function getLanguage ( oObj ) {var specialChars = "!@#$^&%*()+=-[]\/{}|:<>?,.";// Need to clean up code if object came from Mura site.sCode = oObj.value;if (sCode.length > 2) {for (var i = 0; i < specialChars.length; i++) {sCode = sCode.replace(new RegExp("\\" + specialChars[i], 'gi'), '');}// After cleaning up special chars, we take the first two chars.sCode = sCode.substring(0,2).trim();}return sCode;}</script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://privstatic.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom-bootstrap.min.css?v=410"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://privstatic.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom.min.css?v=410"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://privstatic.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/global.min.css?v=410"><link href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-global-header/main.css?v=410" rel="stylesheet"><div class="accesibility-link"><a id="skip-to-content" title="Skip to content" href="#maincontent">Skip to main content</a></div><meta name="part_id" content="1"><meta name="www_server" content="privwww.ssrn.com"><meta name="static_server" content="https://cdn.ssrn.com"><meta name="hq_server" content="privhq.ssrn.com"><meta name="papers_server" content="privpapers.ssrn.com"><meta name="user_name" content="Public User"><meta name="is_custom" content="false"><meta name="own_design" content="false"><meta name="ab_id" content=""><meta name="on_behalf" content="False"><meta name="login_user_id" content=""><!--GLOBAL HEADER--><header id="global-header" data-id-plus-auth-enabled="false"></header><script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
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{$body.removeClass('nav-is-open');$(this).closest('.mo-nav').removeClass('open');});$('.mo-nav-search-btn').on('click', function() {$menuMain.find('.menu-search').toggleClass('open');});$(document).on('click','#profile', function(e){e.preventDefault();$body.toggleClass('nav-is-open');$profileMenu.toggleClass('open');});/* Cleaning the email text*/$('#txtLogin').bind("change keyup input",function() {$(".error_show_login").hide();$("#txtLogin").removeClass("loginError");$("#errorMessageLogin").hide();});/* Cleaning the password text*/$('.password-inp').bind("change keyup input",function() {$(".error_show_pass").hide();$("#txtPasswordLogin").removeClass("loginError");$("#errorMessageLogin").hide();});/*Function for encrypt*/function encrypt(key1, key2, key3){var key = btoa(key1 + "|" + key2 + "|" + key3);return key;};function validateFields (){var emptyLogin = false;var emptyPass = false;if(document.getElementById("txtLogin") == null || document.getElementById("txtLogin").value == ""){$("#txtLogin").addClass('loginError');$(".error_show_login").show();emptyLogin = true;}if(document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin") == null || document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin").value == "" ){$("#txtPasswordLogin").addClass('loginError');$(".error_show_pass").show();emptyPass = true;}if(emptyLogin == true || emptyPass == true){return false;}return true;};$('.password-inp').keypress(function(event) {if (event.keyCode == 13 || event.which == 13) {event.preventDefault();login();}});$('#txtLogin').keypress(function(event) {if (event.keyCode == 13 || event.which == 13) {event.preventDefault();login();}});$("#signin").click(function() {login();});function login(){if (validateFields() != false) {var user = document.getElementById("txtLogin").value;var pass = document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin").value;var remember = $('.remember-me-check').prop('checked');var keyUser = encrypt(user, pass, remember);var parameters = {"key" : keyUser};$.ajax({type: "POST",url: "https://privstatic.ssrn.com/cfc/webServices/loginServices.cfc?method=signinService",data: parameters,dataType: "jsonp",async: false,success: function(data) {if(data.ILOGINRESULT == 0) {var lngPartLogedIn = data.USER.PART_ID;buildmenu(lngPartLogedIn);$("#name-header div.user-name-overflow").text(data.USER.FULLNAME);$("#name-mo-header").text(data.USER.FULLNAME);$('#profile').show();$("#btnSignin").hide();$("#btnRegister").hide();$loginBox.removeClass('open');$body.removeClass('nav-is-open');pageData.visitor.loginSuccess = "true";pageData.visitor.loginStatus = "logged in";pageData.visitor.accessType = "ss:registered-user";pageData.visitor.userId = data.USER.ENCRYPT_PART_ID;pageDataTracker.trackEvent( 'newPage' , pageData);} else {pageData.visitor.loginSuccess = "false";pageDataTracker.trackEvent( 'newPage' , 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keyboard$('.has-sub-menu a').focus(function() {$(this).parents("li").addClass("focus");}).blur(function() {$(this).parents("li").removeClass("focus");});});// Show translation notice on change$('.dropdown-lang').on('change', function() {toggleTranslationNote();});// Accordion functionality on Footer MOvar $collapseBtn = $('h4[data-toggle="collapse"]'),$collapsableContent = $('.collapsable');$collapseBtn.on('click', function(){var $this = $(this),$parent = $this.parent(),$thisCollapsable = $parent.find('.collapsable');$collapsableContent.slideUp('fast');if ( !$thisCollapsable.is(":visible") ) {$thisCollapsable.slideDown('fast');}});// Show translation notice on footerfunction toggleTranslationNote() {$('.translation-notice').toggle();}});//Language functionfunction changeLanguage(lang){        var curretUrl = window.location.href;        if(curretUrl.indexOf('&lng') != -1) {            var new_url = curretUrl.substring(0, curretUrl.indexOf('&lng'));    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class="box-container"><header><form name="searchForm" id="searchForm" action="?form_name=Jel&code=B12&lim=false" method="post">    <h1 class="section-title">    <div>Search Results</div>    <span>JEL Code: B12</span></h1>            <div class="organization-header">
            <div class="info">
                
                                
                
                    <strong>    82,637 </strong>Total downloads
                                
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                                                                                                                        <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 8</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 25 Oct 2016</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2500639" target="_blank">Victor Haghani</a> and <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1653572" target="_blank">Richard Dewey</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Elm Partners and Royal Bridge Capital                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>10,102</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="trow abs abs_1983614" id="div_1983614">                        <div class="actions">                            2.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                           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                         <span>Number of pages: 35</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 13 Jan 2012</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 14 Jun 2012</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=345663" target="_blank">Adam Mossoff</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    George Mason University - Antonin Scalia Law School, Faculty                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span> 1,935</span>                           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optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2875682">Optimal Trade Sizing in a Game with Favourable Odds: The Stock Market</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 4</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 02 Dec 2016</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 05 Dec 2016</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div 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<span>Number of pages: 5</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 08 Aug 2018</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2619904" target="_blank">James White</a>, <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2782550" target="_blank">Jeffrey Rosenbluth</a> and <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2500639" target="_blank">Victor Haghani</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Elm Partners, Elm Partners and Elm Partners                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span> 1,812</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <div class="trow abs abs_2854634" id="div_2854634">                        <div class="actions">                            5.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2854634">Classical Economics Explained: Understanding Economic Theory Before Keynes</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 29</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 19 Oct 2016</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=679409" target="_blank">Steven Kates</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    RMIT University                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                           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                                                                  </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3095473">Overcoming Absolute and Comparative Advantage: A Reappraisal of the Relative Cheapness of Foreign Commodities As the Basis of International Trade</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 20</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 08 Jan 2018</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 16 Sep 2020</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2165278" target="_blank">Jorge Morales Meoqui</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Independent                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span> 1,312</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                      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Number</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 9</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 29 Mar 2016</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 09 May 2016</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                  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class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3337961">Adam Smith's 1759 Rebuke of the Slave Trade</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>GMU Working Paper in Economics No. 19-06<i>The Indepdendent Review</i>, Forthcoming</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 10</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 20 Feb 2019</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 19 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href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2914076">What Our Market Return Forecasts Really Mean: Convexity in Equity Returns and its Implications for Investment Sizing</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 8</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 10 Feb 2017</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 06 Sep 2019</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                        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                    <span>Number of pages: 3</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 23 Nov 2016</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 08 Aug 2018</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2500639" target="_blank">Victor 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                               <div><i>The Princeton Guide to Adam Smith, edited by Ryan Hanley and at Princeton University Press, Forthcoming, NHH Dept. of Economics Discussion Paper No. 13/2014</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 22</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 07 May 2014</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                        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                      <span>Last Revised: 26 Sep 2017</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2500639" target="_blank">Victor Haghani</a> and <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2619904" target="_blank">James White</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Elm Partners and Elm Partners         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href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1532425" target="_blank">Adrian O. Ravier</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Universidad Francisco Marroquín                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  590</span>                                                        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optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1313220">An Evaluation of David Ricardo's Theory of Comparative Costs: Direct and Indirect Critiques</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>Journal of Economic Development, Vol. 34, No. 1, June 2009</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 11 Dec 2008</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 27 Dec 2008</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=545672" target="_blank">Oumar Bouare</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Centre de Recherche en Sciences Economiques et Sociales                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                           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3</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 13 Dec 2017</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 16 Dec 2017</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2619904" target="_blank">James White</a> and <a 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                                         class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2136133">Adam Smith's Theory of Money and Banking</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 41</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 26 Aug 2012</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 05 Sep 2012</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                              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                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 73</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 31 Jan 2006</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=234515" target="_blank">John Blundell</a>, <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=580750" target="_blank">Friedrich A. Hayek</a>, <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=578368" target="_blank">Edwin J. Feulner</a> and <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=416362" target="_blank">Walter E. Williams</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    IEA, Institute of Economic Affairs, U.K., (Deceased), The Heritage Foundation and George Mason University                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  555</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="trow abs abs_2312707" id="div_2312707">                        <div class="actions">                            25.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2312707">Lectures on John Maynard Keynes’ General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1): Chapter One, Background and Historical Setting</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>University of Guelph Department of Economics and Finance Discussion Paper No. 2013-06</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 51</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 19 Aug 2013</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=676082" target="_blank">Brian S. Ferguson</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    University of Guelph - Department of Economics                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  539</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="trow abs abs_300599" id="div_300599">                        <div class="actions">                            26.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=300599">On the Smithian Origins of "New" Trade and Growth Theories</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>Univ. of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign Commerce & Business Admin. Working Paper No. 02-0100</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 17</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 13 Feb 2002</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=43040" target="_blank">Aykut Kibritçioğlu</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Ankara University                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  531</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="trow abs abs_3182646" id="div_3182646">                        <div class="actions">                            27.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3182646">Is Bitcoin Money? An Economic-Historical Analysis of Money, Its Functions and Its Prerequisites</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>Discussion paper prepared for the “Prices, Business Fluctuations and Cycles and Capital” panel at the 85th International Atlantic Economic Conference, London, United Kingdom, 17 March 2018</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 23</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 01 Jun 2018</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 08 Aug 2018</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1582296" target="_blank">Thomas S. Umlauft</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    University of Vienna                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  507</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class="trow abs abs_2721811" id="div_2721811">                        <div class="actions">                            28.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2721811">Adam Smith on the Joint Stock Company</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>Working Paper of the Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance No. 2016-1</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 59</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 25 Jan 2016</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 02 Feb 2016</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=465838" target="_blank">Andreas Martin Fleckner</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Humboldt University of Berlin - Faculty of Law                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  479</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <div class="trow abs abs_1338622" id="div_1338622">                        <div class="actions">                            29.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1338622">The Financial Bailout</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 4</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 06 Feb 2009</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2139" target="_blank">Robert W. McGee</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Fayetteville State University - Department of Accounting                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  475</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <div class="trow abs abs_981779" id="div_981779">                        <div class="actions">                            30.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=981779">Why Libertarians Shouldn't Be (Too) Skeptical About Intellectual Property</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>Progress & Freedom Foundation Progress on Point Paper No. 13.4</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 11</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 26 Apr 2007</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=41521" target="_blank">Richard A. Epstein</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    New York University School of Law                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  451</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="trow abs abs_1759503" id="div_1759503">                        <div class="actions">                            31.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1759503">The Monetary Economy and the Economic Crisis</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>Duke University Center for the History of Political Economy Working Paper No. 2011-04, Duke Department of Economics Research Paper </i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 27</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 12 Feb 2011</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=97314" target="_blank">David E. W. Laidler</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    University of Western Ontario - Department of Economics                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  447</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="trow abs abs_2930837" id="div_2930837">                        <div class="actions">                            32.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2930837">Commutative, Distributive, and Estimative Justice In Adam Smith</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i><i>Adam Smith Review</i> (Vol. 12), Forthcoming, GMU Working Paper in Economics No. 17-11</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 35</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 10 Mar 2017</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 25 Sep 2020</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=278705" target="_blank">Daniel B. Klein</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    George Mason University - Department of Economics                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  446</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="trow abs abs_2313439" id="div_2313439">                        <div class="actions">                            33.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2313439">Lectures on John Maynard Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (3):  Chapter 3, 'The Principle of Effective Demand'</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>University of Guelph Department of Economics and Finance Working Paper No. 2013-08</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 28</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 22 Aug 2013</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=676082" target="_blank">Brian S. Ferguson</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    University of Guelph - Department of Economics                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  436</span>                                        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class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1066621">How Blackstone Became a Blackstonian</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>Theoretical Inquiries in Law, vol. 10, 103-126 (2009)http://www7.tau.ac.il/ojs/index.php/til/article/view/704</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 24</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 07 Dec 2007</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 23 Nov 2020</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=594224" target="_blank">David Schorr</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Tel Aviv University - Buchmann Faculty of Law                                    </div>                                                                                      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<div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 17</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 08 Feb 2010</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 01 Apr 2013</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a 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     <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2313435">Lectures on John Maynard Keynes’ General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (2): Chapter 2, 'The Postulates of the Classical Economics'</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>University of Guelph Department of Economics and Finance Working Paper  No. 2013-07</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 60</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 22 Aug 2013</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=676082" target="_blank">Brian S. 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<span>Posted: 28 Dec 2016</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 14 Feb 2017</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=15647" target="_blank">Barry R. Weingast</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Stanford University, Department of Political Science                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  398</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="trow abs abs_2947856" id="div_2947856">                        <div class="actions">                            39.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2947856">When the History of Ideas Meets Theory: Arthur Lewis and the Classical Economists on Development</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>Forthcoming in M. Alacevich and M. Boianovsky (eds.). 2018. The political economy of development economics: a historical perspective. Annual supplement to History of Political Economy, vol. 50. Durham: Duke University Press.</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 33</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 07 Apr 2017</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 16 Mar 2018</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1381082" target="_blank">Mauro Boianovsky</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Universidade de Brasilia                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  384</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <div class="trow abs abs_2173338" id="div_2173338">                        <div class="actions">                            40.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2173338">The Theory of Social Cooperation Historically and Robustly Contemplated</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 39</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 09 Nov 2012</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 17 May 2014</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=182652" target="_blank">Peter J. 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                         <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1413219">Adam Smith's Vision of the Ethical Manager</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                            <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 35</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 02 Jun 2009</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=336343" target="_blank">George Bragues</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    University of Guelph-Humber                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                     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           </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 31</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 15 Dec 2014</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 08 Mar 2015</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                               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Leeson</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    George Mason University - Department of Economics and George Mason University - Department of Economics                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  372</span>                                                        </div>                            </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="trow abs abs_2313442" id="div_2313442">                        <div class="actions">                            43.                                                                                                    <i class="icn icn-free"></i>                                                                                         </div>                            <div class="description">                                                                                                                        <h3>                                    <span><a                                            class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2313442">Lectures on John Maynard Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (6): Chapters 8, 9 and 10:  Keynes' Theory of Consumer Behaviour</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>University of Guelph Department of Economics and Finance Working Paper No. 2013-11</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 45</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 22 Aug 2013</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Working Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=676082" target="_blank">Brian S. Ferguson</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    University of Guelph - Department of Economics                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                                <span>Downloads</span>                                <span>  371</span>                                        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class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1762039">Intergenerational Equity and the Antarctic Treaty System: Continued Efforts to Prevent 'Mastery'</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>Yearbook of Polar Law, Vol. 3, 2011</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 37</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 18 Feb 2011</span>                                                                                                            </div>                    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</div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 26</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 14 Oct 2003</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=350528" target="_blank">Homero Cuevas</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Facultad de Ciencias Econimicas                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <div class="keywords">                                                                                                                                                    </div>                                                        </div>                                                                                    <div class="downloads">                                                               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                                   class="title optClickTitle" href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3176224">Just Price, Public Utility, and the Long History of Economic Regulation in America</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>35 Yale Journal on Regulation 721 (2018), U of Colorado Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 18-19, UCLA School of Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 18-31</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 57</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 10 May 2018</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 06 Sep 2018</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=751615" target="_blank">William Boyd</a>                                    </div>                                    <div class="afiliations">                                    UCLA School of Law                             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and Investment; Appendix to Chapter 6, Appendix on User Cost; Chapter 7, The Meaning of Saving and Investment Further Considered</a>                                </span>                                </h3>                                                                                                                                <div><i>University of Guelph Department of Economics and Finance Working Paper No. 2013-10</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 39</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 22 Aug 2013</span>                                                                                                            </div>                                        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Routledge Handbook on Libertarianism. New York: Routledge, 2017, 92-107, GMU Working Paper in Economics</i>                                    </div>                                                                    <div class="note note-list">                                                                                <span>Number of pages: 29</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Posted: 02 Jun 2016</span>                                                                                                                    <span>Last Revised: 21 Apr 2018</span>                                                                        </div>                                                                                            <div class="afiliations">                                    Accepted Paper Series                                    </div>                                                                                                                                                                    <div class="authors-list">                                    <a href="https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=182652" target="_blank">Peter J. 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